4. Probability

In probability theory, what is the sum of the probabilities for all possible outcomes in a sample space ($S$)? That is, what is $\sum _x^{\in }P\left(x\right)$ equal to?

Which of the following correctly states the two requirements for a discrete probability distribution?

Which of the following is not a voluntary response sample?

Which of the following best describes the likelihood that a given event will occur?

You Explain It! Independence Suppose a mother already has three girls from three separate pregnancies. Does the fact that the mother already has three girls affect the likelihood of having a fourth girl? Explain.

In the context of probability and statistics, how is a $\mathrm{sample}$ related to a $\mathrm{population}$?

Which of the following best describes Bayesian probability and its use in research?

In the context of probability, which of the following best describes a marginal distribution as compared to a conditional distribution?

Which of the following statements about covariance is correct?

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into groups ($\mathrm{strata}$) and then taking a random sample from each group?

Which of the following correctly states the two requirements for a discrete probability distribution?

In the context of estimating a population parameter, how does decreasing the confidence level affect the sample size required to achieve a fixed margin of error?

In a discrete probability distribution, the sum of all the probabilities must be equal to which of the following values?

Given the following table provides a probability distribution for the random variable $X$:

Which of the following events has a theoretical probability equal to $\frac{1}{3}$?