In cognitive psychology, learning, memory, and reasoning are considered which type of brain functions?

• A. Lower-order brain functions
• B. Reflexive brain functions
• C. Higher-order brain functions
• D. Autonomic brain functions

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the classification of brain functions in cognitive psychology. Brain functions are often categorized based on their complexity and the level of conscious control involved.
2. Step 2: Identify what lower-order brain functions are. These typically include basic processes such as reflexes and simple sensory or motor activities that do not require conscious thought.
3. Step 3: Recognize autonomic brain functions. These are involuntary processes controlled by the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate and digestion, which operate without conscious awareness.
4. Step 4: Define higher-order brain functions. These involve complex mental processes such as learning, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making, which require conscious thought and integration of information.
5. Step 5: Conclude that since learning, memory, and reasoning involve complex cognitive processes and conscious control, they are classified as higher-order brain functions.