Which cognitive factor of learning refers to the idea that much of behavior is goal-directed?

• A. Classical conditioning
• B. Operant conditioning
• C. Purposive behaviorism
• D. Latent inhibition

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the question is asking about a cognitive factor in learning that emphasizes behavior being goal-directed.
2. Recall the definitions of the options: Classical conditioning involves learning through association, Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, Latent inhibition refers to the reduced learning about a stimulus due to prior exposure without consequence.
3. Recognize that 'Purposive behaviorism' is a theory proposed by Edward Tolman, which suggests that behavior is goal-directed and purposeful rather than just a response to stimuli.
4. Identify that among the options, 'Purposive behaviorism' best fits the description of behavior being goal-directed, as it incorporates cognitive processes in learning.
5. Conclude that the cognitive factor referring to goal-directed behavior in learning is 'Purposive behaviorism'.