In classical conditioning, primary reinforcers are _____, whereas secondary reinforcers are learned.

• A. dependent on cultural values
• B. only effective after conditioning
• C. naturally reinforcing and satisfy biological needs
• D. always associated with punishment

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of primary reinforcers in classical conditioning: these are stimuli that are naturally reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs, such as food, water, or warmth.
2. Recognize that primary reinforcers do not require any prior learning or conditioning to be effective; their reinforcing properties are innate.
3. Understand secondary reinforcers: these are stimuli that acquire their reinforcing power through association with primary reinforcers, meaning they are learned rather than innate.
4. Consider examples of secondary reinforcers, such as money or praise, which become reinforcing because they are linked to primary reinforcers.
5. Evaluate the answer choices by matching these definitions: primary reinforcers are naturally reinforcing and satisfy biological needs, while secondary reinforcers are learned.