What causes peptic ulcers?

• A. Contaminated water.
• B. H. pylori bacteria
• C. Inadequate fiber consumption.
• D. Gluten.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'peptic ulcers': Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine, often caused by damage to the protective mucosal lining.
2. Identify the primary cause: The most common cause of peptic ulcers is an infection with *Helicobacter pylori* (H. pylori) bacteria. This bacterium weakens the stomach's protective mucus, allowing acid to irritate the lining.
3. Rule out other options: Contaminated water, inadequate fiber consumption, and gluten are not direct causes of peptic ulcers. While contaminated water can sometimes carry H. pylori, it is not the sole cause. Similarly, fiber and gluten are unrelated to ulcer formation.
4. Understand the role of H. pylori: H. pylori bacteria can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing an enzyme called urease, which neutralizes stomach acid. This allows the bacteria to colonize and damage the stomach lining.
5. Conclude the correct answer: Based on the information, the primary cause of peptic ulcers is H. pylori bacteria, not the other listed factors.