What conditions are prevented through the use of iodized salt?

• A. Goiter and anemia.
• B. Anemia and dental carries.
• C. Congenital hypothyroidism and osteoporosis.
• D. Goiter and congenital hypothyroidism.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of iodine in the body: Iodine is an essential mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
2. Learn about goiter: Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, often caused by iodine deficiency. Using iodized salt helps prevent this condition by ensuring adequate iodine intake.
3. Understand congenital hypothyroidism: This is a condition where newborns have an underactive thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency during pregnancy. Iodized salt helps prevent this by supporting maternal thyroid health.
4. Differentiate between the conditions listed: Anemia is related to iron deficiency, dental caries are linked to poor oral hygiene and sugar consumption, and osteoporosis is associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. These are not directly prevented by iodized salt.
5. Conclude that iodized salt specifically prevents goiter and congenital hypothyroidism by addressing iodine deficiency, which is critical for thyroid function and development.