Which of the following best describes a representative sample in the context of sampling distributions of sample proportions?

• A. A sample that contains only the largest values from the population
• B. A sample that is selected based on convenience rather than randomization
• C. A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn
• D. A sample that only includes individuals who volunteer to participate

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of a representative sample: it is a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the entire population, ensuring that the sample's proportions resemble those of the population.
2. Recognize that a sample containing only the largest values from the population is biased and does not represent the population's diversity.
3. Note that a convenience sample, selected without randomization, often leads to bias because it may overrepresent certain groups and underrepresent others.
4. Identify that a volunteer sample can also be biased since individuals who volunteer might share specific traits not common to the whole population.
5. Conclude that the best description of a representative sample is one that accurately reflects the population's characteristics, which is essential for valid sampling distributions of sample proportions.