Which of the following options are most closely associated with a severe protein deficiency?

• A. Chronic malnutrition.
• B. Wasting.
• C. Kwashiorkor.
• D. Marasmus.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions of the terms related to protein-energy malnutrition. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are two primary forms of severe protein deficiency, while chronic malnutrition and wasting are broader terms related to undernutrition.
2. Step 2: Recognize that Kwashiorkor is specifically associated with severe protein deficiency despite adequate calorie intake, often characterized by edema, an enlarged liver, and changes in hair and skin.
3. Step 3: Understand that Marasmus results from a general deficiency of both protein and calories, leading to severe wasting and muscle loss without edema.
4. Step 4: Differentiate between chronic malnutrition (a long-term insufficient nutrient intake) and wasting (a rapid loss of weight and muscle mass), which are conditions that can result from various causes, not exclusively severe protein deficiency.
5. Step 5: Conclude that among the options, Kwashiorkor is most closely associated with severe protein deficiency due to its specific clinical features and underlying cause.