Research suggests a link between spanking and

• A. aggression in children.
• B. submissiveness in children.
• C. intelligence.
• D. children's concentration.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key variables in the research: 'spanking' and the potential outcomes such as 'aggression in children', 'submissiveness in children', 'intelligence', and 'children's concentration'.
2. Understand the concept of 'spanking' as a form of physical discipline and its potential psychological impacts on children.
3. Review existing literature and research studies that explore the relationship between physical discipline methods like spanking and behavioral outcomes in children.
4. Analyze the findings of these studies to determine which outcome is most consistently linked with spanking. Consider factors such as the frequency and context of spanking.
5. Conclude by identifying the outcome that research most frequently associates with spanking, which is often 'aggression in children', based on the majority of psychological studies and expert consensus.