7. Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Mechanical solutions may involve solving by

The representativeness heuristic can be used to create and sustain

A useful heuristic that works much of the time is

Writing a term paper may be best approached by using

A boy and his father are in a car crash. The father is killed, and the boy is rushed to the hospital. At the hospital, the doctor says, "I cannot operate on this boy. He's my son!" How is this possible? If a person thinks about this problem without using a particular method, and the answer just comes to them after a period of time, the person solved this problem with

Erik dropped a note under his car seat and could not find it. He looked all through the glove compartment for a flashlight so that he could get a better look under his seat. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. This is an example of

People who believe that aliens have come to Earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. This is an example of

You are vacuuming the floor when the vacuum cleaner suddenly stops working. You dump the contents of the vacuum, thinking it may be too full. It does not start. You remove the plug and replace it, pushing it in as far as it can go. Still nothing. You take the plug and put it into a different wall socket. It works! You have solved the problem of the malfunctioning vacuum cleaner by using

Sabrina's statistics instructor assigns math homework every week that requires Sabrina to solve mathematical problems using formulas. Sabrina is making use of what method of problem solving to complete her statistics homework?

Marion was asked to come up with a new slogan for her school's psychology club. At first thought, nothing came to mind. Then suddenly, 'Aha!' The perfect slogan became apparent to Marion, but she was not consciously aware of how she figured it out. Your 'aha!' moment is called

Alyssa has to write a research paper discussing the effects of video games on child behavior. Alyssa believes that video games lead to bad behavior in children, and only finds research that supports her views. Alyssa's inability to find information that supports more than her viewpoint is a demonstration of

A mechanical problem-solving technique is also known as

Heuristics could also be called

When the solution to a problem suddenly comes to mind, it is called

One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past. This is called

If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be

A creative method of problem-solving is the use of

Which of the following images is the best example of a prototype for a fruit?

Trial and error is also known as

The _____ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory.

_____ can help us interpret or deal with new information or events that we have never encountered.

Examples of algorithms are

Latisha's new puppy cries each night when left in her crate. When Latisha picks up the puppy and holds her to her chest, the puppy stops crying and falls asleep. However, after she puts the puppy back in the crate, the crying begins again. After a few nights, Latisha suddenly realizes that her heartbeat is helping the dog fall asleep. She places a ticking clock next to the crate, and the puppy goes right to sleep at night. Latisha's realization is an example of

When solving a problem, Celeste is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past. Celeste is stuck in

Even after her girlfriends reported seeing her boyfriend Jeff out at clubs with other women, Jackie continues to believe her boyfriend and her friends who say the women are just old neighborhood friends. This is an example of

An important factor in the formation of prototypes is