The neutral theory of evolution states that which of the following is most responsible for evolution?

• A. National Selection
• B. Allele creation through mutation
• C. Gene Flow
• D. Genetic Drift
• E. Random mating

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the neutral theory of evolution, which suggests that most evolutionary changes are the result of genetic drift of mutant alleles that are neutral.
2. Recognize that genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which can lead to significant evolutionary changes over time, especially in small populations.
3. Differentiate genetic drift from other evolutionary mechanisms such as natural selection, which involves differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to advantageous traits.
4. Consider the role of mutation in creating genetic variation, but note that the neutral theory emphasizes that many mutations are neutral and their frequencies change due to drift rather than selection.
5. Acknowledge that while gene flow and random mating can influence allele frequencies, the neutral theory specifically highlights genetic drift as the primary driver of evolution in the absence of strong selective pressures.