Who is most likely to be in a state of nitrogen balance/equilibrrium?

• A. A 10-year-old child.
• B. A 25-year-old adult.
• C. A 30-year-old pregnant woman.
• D. A 25-year-old adult bodybuilder currently training for competition.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of nitrogen balance: Nitrogen balance refers to the balance between nitrogen intake (from dietary protein) and nitrogen excretion (via urine, feces, sweat, etc.). It is an indicator of protein metabolism in the body.
2. Identify the states of nitrogen balance: Positive nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, often seen during growth, pregnancy, or muscle building. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen excretion exceeds intake, often seen during illness, malnutrition, or stress. Nitrogen equilibrium occurs when intake equals excretion, typically in healthy adults maintaining their body weight and protein stores.
3. Analyze the options: A 10-year-old child is likely in positive nitrogen balance due to growth. A 30-year-old pregnant woman is also likely in positive nitrogen balance due to the demands of pregnancy. A 25-year-old adult bodybuilder training for competition may be in positive nitrogen balance due to muscle building.
4. Focus on nitrogen equilibrium: A 25-year-old adult who is not undergoing significant physiological changes (e.g., growth, pregnancy, or intense muscle building) is most likely to be in nitrogen equilibrium, as their protein intake and excretion are balanced.
5. Conclude the reasoning: Based on the analysis, the 25-year-old adult is the most likely candidate to be in a state of nitrogen balance or equilibrium, as they are maintaining their body weight and protein stores without significant physiological demands.