Which of the following best describes a downburst and explains why it is hazardous to airplanes?

• A. A downburst is a type of tornado that forms over water and poses a threat to airplanes by creating strong rotational winds.
• B. A downburst is a strong, localized column of sinking air that rapidly descends from a thunderstorm, creating intense wind shear near the ground that can cause airplanes to lose lift and control during takeoff or landing.
• C. A downburst is a gradual change in wind direction over a large area, which can help airplanes gain altitude more efficiently.
• D. A downburst is a sudden increase in atmospheric pressure that causes turbulence at high altitudes, making it difficult for airplanes to maintain altitude.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a downburst is a meteorological phenomenon involving a strong, localized column of sinking air that rapidly descends from a thunderstorm.
2. Recognize that when this descending air hits the ground, it spreads out horizontally, creating intense wind shear near the surface.
3. Recall that wind shear refers to a sudden change in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance, which can be very hazardous to aircraft, especially during critical phases like takeoff and landing.
4. Analyze why this intense wind shear caused by a downburst can cause airplanes to lose lift and control, making it difficult for pilots to maintain stable flight.
5. Conclude that the correct description of a downburst is that it is a strong, localized column of sinking air from a thunderstorm that creates dangerous wind shear near the ground, posing a significant hazard to airplanes.