"Put the following P-values in order from weakest to strongest in terms of evidence against the statement in the null hypothesis.
a. 0.139
b. 0.083
c. 0.091
d. 0.005
e. 0.019"

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall that a P-value measures the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis: smaller P-values indicate stronger evidence against the null hypothesis.
2. List the given P-values: 0.139, 0.083, 0.091, 0.005, and 0.019.
3. Order the P-values from largest to smallest to arrange them from weakest to strongest evidence against the null hypothesis.
4. Compare each P-value carefully to ensure the correct order, noting that 0.139 is the largest and 0.005 is the smallest.
5. Write the final order of P-values starting with the largest (weakest evidence) and ending with the smallest (strongest evidence).

Key Concepts

P-value and Hypothesis Testing

A P-value measures the probability of observing data as extreme as the sample, assuming the null hypothesis is true. Smaller P-values indicate stronger evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting the observed effect is unlikely due to chance.

Strength of Evidence

The strength of evidence against the null hypothesis is inversely related to the P-value size. Lower P-values provide stronger evidence to reject the null, while higher P-values suggest weaker evidence and less reason to reject it.

Ordering P-values

Ordering P-values from weakest to strongest evidence involves ranking them from largest to smallest. This helps compare how convincingly each P-value challenges the null hypothesis, with the smallest P-value indicating the strongest evidence.