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Table of contents
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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
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Worksheet
What is Anatomy & Physiology?
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Levels of Organization
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Variation in Anatomy & Physiology
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Introduction to Organ Systems
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Homeostasis
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Feedback Loops
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Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback
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Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback
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Anatomical Position
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Introduction to Directional Terms
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Directional Terms: Up and Down
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Directional Terms: Front and Back
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Directional Terms: Body Sides
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Directional Terms: Limbs
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Directional Terms: Depth Within the Body
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Introduction to Anatomical Terms for Body Regions
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Anatomical Terms for the Head and Neck
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Anatomical Terms for the Front of the Trunk
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Anatomical Terms for the Back
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Anatomical Terms for the Arm and Hand
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Anatomical Terms for the Leg and Foot
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Review- Using Anatomical Terms and Directions
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
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Anatomical Planes & Sections
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Organization of the Body: Body Cavities
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Organization of the Body: Serous Membranes
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Organization of the Body: Serous Membrane Locations
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Organization of the Body: Thoracic Cavity
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Organization of the Body: Abdominopelvic Cavity
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2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components
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Worksheet
Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter
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Isotopes
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding
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Covalent Bonds
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Noncovalent Bonds
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Ionic Bonding
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Hydrogen Bonding
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Introduction to Water
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Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
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Properties of Water- Density
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Properties of Water- Thermal
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Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
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Acids and Bases
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pH Scale
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Carbon
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Functional Groups
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Introduction to Biomolecules
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Monomers & Polymers
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Carbohydrates
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Proteins
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Nucleic Acids
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Lipids
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Microscopes
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Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
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Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
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Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion
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Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
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Endosymbiotic Theory
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Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
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Cell Junctions
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Biological Membranes
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Types of Membrane Proteins
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Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
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Introduction to Membrane Transport
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Passive vs. Active Transport
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Osmosis
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Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
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Active Transport
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Endocytosis and Exocytosis
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3. Energy & Cell Processes
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Worksheet
Introduction to Energy
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Laws of Thermodynamics
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Chemical Reactions
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ATP
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Enzymes
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Enzyme Activation Energy
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Enzyme Binding Factors
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Enzyme Inhibition
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Introduction to Metabolism
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Redox Reactions
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Introduction to Cellular Respiration
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Types of Phosphorylation
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Glycolysis
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Pyruvate Oxidation
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Krebs Cycle
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Electron Transport Chain
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Chemiosmosis
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Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
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Introduction to Cell Division
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Organization of DNA in the Cell
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Introduction to the Cell Cycle
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Interphase
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Phases of Mitosis
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Cytokinesis
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Cell Cycle Regulation
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Review of the Cell Cycle
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Cancer
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Introduction to DNA Replication
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DNA Repair
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Central Dogma
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Introduction to Transcription
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Steps of Transcription
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Genetic Code
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Introduction to Translation
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Steps of Translation
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Post-Translational Modification
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4. Tissues & Histology
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Worksheet
Introduction to Tissues & Histology
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Introduction to Epithelial Tissue
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Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
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Structural Naming of Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Epithelial Tissues
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Stratified Epithelial Tissues
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Identifying Types of Epithelial Tissue
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Glandular Epithelial Tissue
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Introduction to Connective Tissue
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Classes of Connective Tissue
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Introduction to Connective Tissue Proper
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Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Connective Tissue
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Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage
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Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone
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Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood
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Introduction to Muscle Tissue
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Types of Muscle Tissue
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Introduction to Nervous Tissue
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Nervous Tissue: The Neuron
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5. Integumentary System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Integumentary System
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Integumentary System: Thermoregulation
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The Epidermis: Cells
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The Epidermis: Layers
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The Dermis
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The Hypodermis
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Glands
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Hair
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Nails
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6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue
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Worksheet
An Introduction to Bone and Skeletal Tissue
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Gross Anatomy of Bone: Compact and Spongy Bone
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Gross Anatomy of Bone: Periosteum and Endosteum
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Gross Anatomy of Bone: Bone Marrow
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Gross Anatomy of Bone: Short, Flat, and Irregular Bones
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Gross Anatomy of Bones - Structure of a Long Bone
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Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Matrix
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Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Cells
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Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - The Osteon
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Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Trabeculae
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7. The Skeletal System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Skeleton
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The Skull
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The Spine
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The Thoracic Cage
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The Pectoral Girdle
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Bones of the Upper Limb
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The Pelvic Girdle
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Bone of the Lower Limb
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8. Joints
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Worksheet
Introduction to Joints
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Classification of Joints
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Structural Class: Fibrous Joints
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Structural Class: Cartilaginous Joints
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Structural Class: Synovial Joints
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Joint Movements
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9. Muscle Tissue
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Worksheet
Introduction to Muscles and Muscle Tissue
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Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
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Sliding Filament Theory and the Sacromere
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Steps of Muscle Contraction
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10. Muscles
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Worksheet
Origin and Insertion
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Muscle Actions
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Levers
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Fascicle Arrangements
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Muscle Naming
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11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System
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Worksheet
Ions - Sodium and Potassium
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Resting Membrane Potential
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Change in Membrane Potential
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Properties of Graded and Action Potentials
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Graded Potentials
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Action Potentials
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The Refractory Period
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Propagation of Action Potentials
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12. The Central Nervous System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Central Nervous System
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The Cerebrum
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13. The Peripheral Nervous System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System
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Organization of Sensory Pathways
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors
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Sensory Receptor Classification by Modality
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Sensory Receptor Classification by Location
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Proprioceptors
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Adaptation of Sensory Receptors
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Introduction to Reflex Arcs
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Reflex Arcs
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14. The Autonomic Nervous System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
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Control of the ANS
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Review of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
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Neurotransmitters of the ANS
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Visceral Reflex Arcs
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15. The Special Senses
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Worksheet
Introduction to Special Senses
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Structure of the Eyeball
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Fibrous Layer of the Eyeball
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Vascular Layer of the Eyeball
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Optic Components of the Eyeball
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Inner Layer of the Eyeball
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The Lens and Focusing Light on the Retina
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Rods, Cones, and Light
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16. The Endocrine System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Endocrine System
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Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers
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Intracellular Receptors and Direct Gene Action
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The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
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Hormone Review Table
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17. The Blood
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Worksheet
Introduction To Blood
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Erythrocytes
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Erythrocytes: Hemoglobin
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Leukocytes
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Platelets: Hemostasis
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18. The Heart
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Worksheet
Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
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Cardiac Action Potentials
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)
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Cardiac Cycle
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19. The Blood Vessels
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Worksheet
Introduction to Blood Vessels
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Types of Blood Vessels
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General Blood Vessel Structure
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Arteries
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Capillaries
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Veins
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Anastomoses
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Introduction to Hemodynamics
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20. The Lymphatic System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic Vasculature
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Lymphoid Cells & Tissues
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Overview of Lymphoid Organs
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Primary Lymphoid Organs
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Secondary Lympoid Organs: Lymph Nodes
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Secondary Lympoid Organs: The Spleen
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Secondary Lympoid Organs: MALT
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21. The Immune System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Immune System
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Introduction to Innate Immunity
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Introduction to First-Line Defenses
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Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin
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Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane
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First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers
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First-Line Defenses: Normal Microbiota
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Introduction to Cells of the Immune System
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Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes
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Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes
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Introduction to Cell Communication
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Cell Communication: Surface Receptors & Adhesion Molecules
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Cell Communication: Cytokines
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Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
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Introduction to the Complement System
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Activation Pathways of the Complement System
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Effects of the Complement System
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Review of the Complement System
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Phagocytosis
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Introduction to Inflammation
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Steps of the Inflammatory Response
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Fever
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Interferon Response
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Review Map of Innate Immunity
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Introduction to Adaptive Immunity
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Antigens
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Introduction to T Lymphocytes
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Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
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Activation of T Lymphocytes
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Functions of T Lymphocytes
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Review of Cytotoxic vs Helper T Cells
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Introduction to B Lymphocytes
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Antibodies
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Classes of Antibodies
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Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen
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T Dependent & T Independent Antigens
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Clonal Selection
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Antibody Class Switching
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Affinity Maturation
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Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity
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Immune Tolerance
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Regulatory T Cells
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Natural Killer Cells
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Review of Adaptive Immunity
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22. The Respiratory System
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Worksheet
Introduction to Lung Physiology
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Pressure in the Lungs and Pleural Cavity
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Ventilation
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Lung Volumes and Capacities
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Law of Partial Pressure
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Respiration
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23. The Digestive System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Digestive System
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The Stomach
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The Gallbladder
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Pancreas
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Duct System of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas
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Small Intestine
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24. Metabolism and Nutrition
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Worksheet
Essential Amino Acids
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Lipid Vitamins
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Cellular Respiration: Redox Reactions
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Introduction to Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration: Types of Phosphorylation
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Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis
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Cellular Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation
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Cellular Respiration: Krebs Cycle
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Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain
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Cellular Respiration: Chemiosmosis
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Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
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Gluconeogenesis
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Fatty Acid Oxidation
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Amino Acid Oxidation
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25. The Urinary System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Urinary System
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The Kidneys
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The Nephron
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Blood Supply of the Kidneys
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Renal Physiology: Overview
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Renal Physiology Step 1: Glomerular Filtration
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Renal Physiology: Regulation of Glomerular Filtration
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Renal Physiology Step 2: Tubular Reabsorption
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26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance
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Worksheet
Fluid Balance
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Electrolyte Balance
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Acid-Base Balance
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27. The Reproductive System
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Worksheet
Introduction to the Reproductive System
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Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
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Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
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Meiosis
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28. Human Development
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Worksheet
Introduction to Human Development
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Early Embryonic Development
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Implantation
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Extraembryonic Membrane Development
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Embryonic Development (Weeks 3-8)
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Placentation
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29. Heredity
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Worksheet
Overview of Human Genetics
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Patterns of Inheritance
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Factors Affecting Gene Expression
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Genetic Disorders
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Gene Therapy
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