Anatomy & Physiology
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Which of the following is incorrect about the adaptations in the peritubular capillaries for the reabsorption of various substances?
Which of the following will not be considered passive tubular reabsorption?
Identify the incorrectly matched pair with respect to tubular reabsorption of substances in various parts of a nephron.
Which of the following parts of a nephron completely reabsorbs glucose?
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule of a nephron?
The movement of specific substances from blood into filtrate is called:
Which of the following is not an effect of aldosterone?
Determine which of the following statements concerning extrinsic regulation of GFR is inaccurate.
Which of the following is not an intrinsic control mechanism to regulate the glomerular filtration rate?
Which of the following parts of a nephron is impermeable to water?
Which of the following hormones' production may be impacted in a renal failure patient with anemia?
Which of the following is/are not present in the glomerular filtrate?
Which of the following inhibits filtrate formation by opposing hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries?
Identify the incorrect statement about ADH.
Mrs. Johnson, a 65-year-old woman with hypertension, has been prescribed diuretic medication by her doctor to help manage her blood pressure. She noticed an increase in her urine output after starting the medication. All of the following are effects of diuretics, except:
Which of the following statements about drinking a solution of mannitol is incorrect?
The juxtaglomerular complex performs the following:
Proteinuria is the hallmark of which disease:
If female and male urinary systems perform the same function, why is it that females are more susceptible to UTIs than men?
The majority of the reabsorption process occurs in:
The following are the processes involved in the urine formation and its removal from the body. Which among the options gives the best sequence of these processes?
I. Secretion
II. Reabsorption
III. Filtration
IV. Excretion
Which of the following structures carries blood from the aorta to the kidney for filtration and waste removal?
Which of the following processes is not involved in the formation of urine within the nephrons?
The countercurrent multiplication in the kidney is a physiological process that occurs within the:
Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration is incorrect?
The regulation of GFR in relation to renal blood flow depends on:
Which hormone is responsible for increasing GFR:
Which of the following could result in the presence of glucose in the urine?
How does the distal convoluted tubule help regulate the body's acid-base balance?
Diseases that can decrease GFR include:
Which of the following states the effect of the reabsorption of water on the filtrate as it progresses through the proximal convoluted tubule?
Which of the following structures of the adrenal cortex releases aldosterone into the bloodstream when the body senses a need to conserve sodium or accelerate its reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
What happens to the workload on the kidneys with high-salt diets and excessive water intake?
After processing in the tubular system, the urine will pass through all of the following structures in females, EXCEPT:
Which of the following describes the glomerulus?
Which layer of ureters contracts peristaltically to transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
Which of the following fluids contains only nitrogenous wastes and substances that are unneeded or in excess?
Which of the following processes is critical for removing substances that are not already present in the filtrate?
Which of the following organs transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder using peristaltic contractions?
Which of the following renal tubules accepts the filtrate from glomerular filtration?
Which part of the filtration membrane can contract to assist in controlling the rate of glomerular filtration?
Which of the following substances cannot pass through the filtration membrane during the glomerular filtration process?
The proximal tubule can reabsorb almost 100% of which of the following substances?
Which statement is incorrect about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR):
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can regulate the reabsorption of which of the following by the distal tubules?
The medullary osmotic gradient can influence which of the following?
Identify the pressure that tries to push water into the glomerular capillaries and opposes filtration.
The transcellular route facilitates the transfer of solutes through a cell. How does the paracellular route move solutes:
What would be the primary characteristic of urine produced by the kidneys in the absence of ADH?
In the renal medulla, what is the main function of the vasa recta?
Under what circumstances does the late distal tubule and collecting system produce concentrated urine?
The glomerular filtration rate would be expected to decrease in the presence of:
Choose which statement is incorrect:
I. In hypotensive patients the GFR is expected to be low
II. The kidneys are only sensitive to high blood pressure
III. Renin is an enzyme that is released when the blood pressure is too low
The GFR of hypertensive patients is monitored consistently because:
Urea is a metabolic waste and should be eliminated through urination. Why is urea reabsorbed in the kidneys:
How does the descending loop of Henle contribute to urine concentration?
Which of the following is not considered one of the effects of blocking aldosterone in the kidney?
The following are the effects of blocking the receptor for angiotensin-II, except:
Which of the following is not considered one of the results of blocking the Na+/Cl−/2K+ transport pumps in the Loop of Henle?
What is the primary consequence of blocking angiotensin-II receptors on blood vessels?
Mrs. Patel, a 65-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and diabetes, visits the clinic for her regular check-up. Her blood pressure has been well controlled with medication, and her blood glucose levels are within the target range. However, her recent lab results indicate that her glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 15 ml/min, indicating a significantly low GFR. What immediate action could be recommended for her?
Mrs. Jones, a 50-year-old woman, visits her primary care physician complaining of increased thirst and frequent urination. Upon examination, her physician suspects a possible renal issue and orders further tests. Her lab results reveal elevated levels of glucose in her urine, despite normal blood glucose levels. Further investigation reveals that Mrs. Jones has a rare genetic defect affecting the Na+/glucose symporters in the proximal tubule of her kidneys.