Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection? a. In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes. b. The behavior varies among individuals. c. An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. d. Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key components required for a trait to evolve by natural selection: variation in the trait, heritability (genetic basis), and differential reproductive success based on the trait.
2. Analyze option a: It states that the behavior must be determined entirely by genes. However, behaviors can also be influenced by environmental factors and still evolve if there is a genetic component that influences the behavior.
3. Review option b: Variation among individuals is necessary for natural selection, as it provides a basis for differential survival and reproduction.
4. Examine option c: The dependence of reproductive success on the behavior is crucial as it links the behavior to fitness, allowing natural selection to act on it.
5. Consider option d: The genetic inheritance of some component of the behavior ensures that it can be passed from parents to offspring, which is essential for evolution through natural selection.

Key Concepts

Natural Selection

Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution, where individuals with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. This process leads to the gradual adaptation of species over generations. For a trait to evolve through natural selection, it must contribute to reproductive success and vary among individuals.

Genetic Inheritance

Genetic inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. For a behavioral trait to evolve, it is essential that some aspect of the behavior is heritable, meaning it can be passed down through generations. This allows for the selection of advantageous behaviors that can enhance survival and reproductive success.

Behavioral Variation

Behavioral variation is the differences in behavior observed among individuals within a population. This variation is crucial for natural selection, as it provides the raw material for selection to act upon. If all individuals exhibited the same behavior, there would be no differential reproductive success based on behavior, hindering the evolution of that trait.