6. The Membrane

Types of Membrane Proteins

You can use a “one-snip test” to identify monophyletic groups—meaning that if you “cut” any branch on a tree, everything that “falls off” is a monophyletic group. Why is this valid?

 Membrane proteins attach the membrane to the cytoskeleton. 

 No. Although this is a function of membrane proteins, it has little direct relevance to embryonic development. 

 Membrane proteins possess enzymatic activity. 

 No. Enzymatic activity by membrane proteins is important for all animal cells, but it has little direct relevance to embryonic development. 

 Membrane proteins form channels, which move substances across the membrane. 

 No. This is an important function of membrane proteins, but it has little direct relevance to embryonic development. 

 All of the listed responses are correct. 

 No. Although all of the listed functions are functions of membrane proteins, not all of them relate directly to embryogenesis. There is a single best answer. 

 Membrane proteins with short sugar chains form identification tags that are recognized by other cells. 

Consider the specific functions that proteins bring to membranes.

Which of the following functions of membrane proteins is important in tissue formation during embryonic development in animals?

Transducing signals from the environment into the cell.

Anchoring the cell cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.

Which of the following is NOT&nbsp;a function of membrane proteins?

Membrane Proteins

Membrane Protein Functions

Structure Of The Cell Membrane: Active and Passive Transport

A Level Biology Revision "Membrane Proteins"

1.3 Diversity of membrane proteins

6 Major Functions of Cell Membrane Proteins

 No. This is a function of proteins associated with biological membranes. 

 No. Some proteins do function to aid in cell-cell recognition. 

 No. Some proteins are involved in the formation of connections between cells. 

 No. Many membrane proteins are involved in transporting materials into or out of the cell. 

Consider the functions of proteins when they are associated with membranes.

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

The traditional tree of life (shown above) presents the three domains as distinct, monophyletic lineages. However, other hypotheses propose different views on the relationships among the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. In particular, the two-domain hypothesis—or eocyte hypothesis—is emerging as a well-supported alternative to the three-domain hypothesis. The eocyte hypothesis, illustrated below, suggests that eukaryotes evolved from eocytes (also known as the Crenarchaeota—a major lineage of the Archaea). Resolving the relationships among these ancient lineages is difficult, but it has profound implications on our understanding of the origin of eukaryotic cells. <IMAGE>

Why are Archaea considered a monophyletic group according to the three-domain hypothesis?
a. Because this group includes all organisms except eukaryotes.
b. Because this group includes an ancestral population and all of its descendants.
c. Because all members of this group lack membrane-bound organelles.
d. Because this group evolved after the origin of bacteria.

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