Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process? a. ⓅADP+Ⓟi→ATP+H2O b. C6H12O6+6 O2→6 CO2+6 H2O c. 6 CO2+6 H2O→C6H12O6+6 O2 d. Amino acids → Protein

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of each process: a. ATP synthesis, b. Cellular respiration, c. Photosynthesis, d. Protein synthesis.
2. Recognize that ATP synthesis (a) and protein synthesis (d) require energy input, typically from the hydrolysis of ATP.
3. Understand that photosynthesis (c) requires energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
4. Note that cellular respiration (b) involves the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy stored in glucose.
5. Conclude that cellular respiration (b) can occur without a net influx of energy from another process, as it itself releases energy.

Key Concepts

Metabolic Processes

Metabolic processes are biochemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life. They can be categorized into catabolic processes, which break down molecules to release energy, and anabolic processes, which build complex molecules from simpler ones. Understanding these processes is crucial for determining how energy is utilized or conserved in biological systems.

Energy Transfer in Metabolism

Energy transfer in metabolism refers to the movement of energy through various biochemical pathways. Some reactions, like cellular respiration, release energy by breaking down glucose, while others, like photosynthesis, require energy input. Recognizing which processes are exergonic (release energy) versus endergonic (require energy) helps in identifying whether a net influx of energy is necessary.

ATP and Energy Currency

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell. It stores and transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. The conversion of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ATP is an energy-requiring process, while the breakdown of ATP to ADP releases energy, making it essential to understand ATP's role in energy transfer during metabolic reactions.