Which statement best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in most animals?

• A. It is identical in sequence and gene content to chloroplast DNA and is inherited paternally.
• B. It is a large, linear genome located in the nucleus and inherited equally from both parents.
• C. It is composed primarily of RNA and is translated into proteins only in the cytosol.
• D. It is a small, circular genome found in mitochondria that is typically inherited maternally.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is distinct from nuclear DNA and chloroplast DNA in terms of location, structure, and inheritance.
2. Recall that in most animals, mtDNA is located inside the mitochondria, which are organelles responsible for energy production.
3. Recognize that mtDNA is typically a small, circular genome, unlike the large, linear chromosomes found in the nucleus.
4. Know that mtDNA is usually inherited maternally, meaning it is passed down from the mother to offspring without recombination from the father.
5. Use this information to evaluate the given statements and identify the one that correctly describes mtDNA as a small, circular genome found in mitochondria and inherited maternally.