Chemiosmotic creation of ATP is driven by:

• A. Phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane.
• B. Potential energy of the H+ concentration gradient created by the electron transport chain.
• C. Substrate-level phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix.
• D. Large quantities of ADP in the mitochondrial matrix.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chemiosmosis is a process that occurs in the mitochondria during cellular respiration, specifically in the electron transport chain.
2. Recognize that the electron transport chain creates a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane by pumping protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space.
3. Identify that this proton gradient represents potential energy, as there is a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the matrix.
4. Realize that ATP synthase, an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, uses the energy from the flow of protons back into the matrix to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
5. Conclude that the potential energy of the H+ concentration gradient, created by the electron transport chain, is the driving force behind the chemiosmotic creation of ATP.