8. Respiration

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis

Biologists often use the term “energy source” as a synonym for “electron donor.” Why?

Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation

Phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane.

Potential energy of the H+ concentration gradient created by the electron transport chain.

Substrate-level phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix.

Large quantities of ADP in the mitochondrial matrix.

Chemiosmotic creation of ATP is driven by:a) Phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane.b) Potential energy of the H+ concentration gradient created by the electron transport chain.c) Substrate-level phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix.d) Large quantities of ADP in the mitochondrial matrix.

BioFlix: Photosynthesis

BioFlix: Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Cellular Respiration Part 3: The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

The H+ ions are pumped out of the mitochondria.

The electron transport chain pumps H+ ions into which location of the mitochondria?a) Mitochondrial intermembrane space.&nbsp;b) Mitochondrial matrix.c) &nbsp;Mitochondrial inner membrane.d) The H+ ions are pumped out of the mitochondria.

The oxidation of NADH and FADH2

 No. These compounds provide the energy for electron transport, but something else directly drives the synthesis of ATP. 

No. The energy released by the oxidation of glucose is used to reduce the electron carriers NAD+ and FAD.

 The movement of electrons through a series of carriers 

 No. However, this answer is close. As electrons move along the transport chain, hydrogen ions are pumped into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. 

 No. Oxygen is reduced as the final step in electron transport, but this step is not directly involved with ATP production. 

The flow of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase enzyme

Recall the mechanism of chemiosmotic ATP synthesis.

Energy for synthesizing ATP is obtained by ATP synthase directly from which of the following processes?

Cellular Respiration - Link Reaction and Krebs - Post 16 Biology (A Level, Pre-U, IB, AP Bio)

Animation: Rotating ATP Synthase

 No. The catabolism of glucose is exergonic; energy is released in the process, not required. 

The production of NADH and FADH2

No. NAD+ and FAD are reduced temporarily to NADH and FADH2 when they transport electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. NADH and FADH2 are not produced by the electron transport chain.

 No. Water is not oxidized in this process; however, oxygen is reduced. 

No. CO2 is not produced by the electron transport chain.

Pumping H+ across a membrane

How is the energy derived from electron transport coupled to oxidative phosphorylation?

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes?

Animation: Fermentation

BioFlix: ATP Synthase

Animation: ATP Yield from Cellular Respiration

 No. The goal of chemiosmosis is to produce ATP, not to use it. 

 No. This would use ATP, not produce it. 

 No. The production of NADH does conserve energy from the oxidation of glucose, but it does not produce a chemiosmotic gradient. 

 The components of the electron transport chain 

 No. The electron carriers of the electron transport chain do not themselves produce energy. 

 Movement of electrons down the electron transport chain 

This involves the inner mitochondrial membrane of your cells.

Which of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria?

8.2 Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Explain the relationship between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. How do uncoupling proteins “uncouple” this relationship in brown adipose tissue?

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Types of Phosphorylation

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Redox Reactions

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