33. Plant Anatomy

Tissues

Alternation of Generations

17 - Grd10 Plant Tissues - Ground Tissues

Types of Plant Cells

 Lateral shoots cannot originate near the surface. 

 No. Lateral shoots can originate near the surface because stems have vascular tissue that is close to the surface. 

 Vascular tissue is located all in the center. 

 Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. 

 No. This is true of eudicots rather than monocots. 

 Ground tissue consists mainly of parenchyma. 

 No. This is a feature of both monocots and eudicots. 

 Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. 

Review the anatomy of monocot and eudicot stems.

Which of the following correctly describes a feature unique to monocot stems?

Plant Anatomy & Physiology

 No. Chloroplasts characterize parenchyma cells. 

 No. Sclerenchyma cells have lignin in their cell walls. 

 No. Collenchyma cells have nuclei at maturity. You are thinking of sieve-tube elements. 

 No. Parenchyma cells also have large central vacuoles; therefore, this is not a distinguishing feature. 

Review the major types of plant cells.

Collenchyma cells can be identified by __________.

 Primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem 

 Primary phloem, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem 

 Secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium, primary phloem, secondary phloem 

 No. Because the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, these tissues are adjacent to the vascular cambium. 

 Secondary phloem, primary phloem, primary xylem, secondary xylem 

 Primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem 

Consider growth patterns and review the structure of woody stems.

In what order would you pass through tissues when moving from the pith to the epidermis in a plant possessing secondary vascular tissue?

Types of Plant Tissues

Plants

 No. Dermal tissue is an outer covering. 

 No. Sclerenchyma is a supportive tissue. 

 No. Ground tissue is not conductive tissue. 

Consider another name that can be applied to the circulatory system.

The plant tissue system most analogous to our circulatory system is the __________.

Vascular Plants = Winning! - Crash Course Biology #37

 No. Vascular cambium is located between secondary xylem (to the inside) and secondary phloem (to the outside). 

 No. Vascular cambium lays down phloem at its exterior. Although secondary phloem is closer to the center than primary phloem, both primary and secondary xylem are closer to the center than primary phloem. 

 No. Vascular cambium lays down phloem at its exterior; thus, primary phloem is farther from the center than secondary phloem. 

 No. Younger (secondary) xylem is laid down at the interior of the vascular cambium, resulting in younger xylem being farther from the center. 

Review the arrangement of tissues in a woody stem.

Which of the following is closest to the center of a woody stem?

Plant Structure

16 - Grd10 Plant Tissues Meristem and Epidermal Tissues

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the
a. core.
b. pericycle.
c. endodermis.
d. pith.

Epidermal and Ground Tissue

 No. Parenchyma cells are metabolically active, although many sclerenchyma cells are dead at functional maturity. 

 No. Collenchyma cells are metabolically active, although many sclerenchyma cells are dead at functional maturity. 

 No. Sieve-tube members, a component of phloem, are living cells (even though they lack nuclei). 

 No. Companion cells are metabolically active, although tracheids are dead at functional maturity. 

Which of the following cells are dead at functional maturity?

Evaluate the following statements regarding tracheids and vessel elements. Select True or False for each statement.
T/F Both tracheids and vessel elements are specialized for water conduction.
T/F Both tracheids and vessel elements have pits.
T/F Vessel elements have perforation plates but tracheids do not.
T/F Tracheids and vessel elements have to be alive in order to transport water.

What is the role of companion cells in the movement of sugars through plants?
a. They are the sites of sugar production by photosynthesis.
d. They are the sites where starch is converted to sucrose.
c. They secrete sucrose, which draws sugars through phloem under negative pressure.
d. They accumulate sucrose, which is then transferred to adjacent sieve-tube elements.

 No. However, cortex is the outer portion of the ground tissue. 

 No. Endodermis occurs in roots; however, pith is a form of ground tissue. 

 No. Although pith is the inner portion of the ground tissue, cambium is a lateral meristem producing secondary growth. 

Consider the types of ground tissue that surround vascular bundles.

Ground tissue is composed of undifferentiated cells with thin walls that are usually involved with storage. The inner portion of the ground tissue of a nonwoody stem is called __________, and the outer portion is called __________.

 No. There is some primary xylem in the center of a woody root or next to the pith of a woody stem, but wood is composed mostly of secondary xylem. 

 No. Primary phloem is eventually shed with the outer bark. 

 No. Secondary phloem is eventually shed with the outer bark. 

 No. However, fibers are cells that contribute to the tissue of which wood is composed. 

Consider that wood is supportive.

Wood is composed primarily of __________.

What is a sieve-tube element?
a. the sugar-conducting cell found in phloem
b. the widened, perforation-containing, water-conducting cell found only in angiosperms
c. the nutrient- and water-absorbing cell found in root hairs
d. the nucleated and organelle-rich support cell found in phloem

 No. Collenchyma may be chewy, but it does not contain lignified and hard fibers. 

 No. Phloem, the sugar-conducting tissue of plants, is not fibrous. 

 No. Meristematic tissue is undifferentiated tissue and is not fibrous. 

 No. Epidermal cells form a waxy outer layer. 

Consider the type of plant tissue that is responsible for support.

Artichoke hearts are tender and have a strong taste. The leaves have a strong taste, too, but most of an artichoke leaf is fibrous and too difficult to chew. The leaves must contain lots of __________.

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?
a. sclerenchyma cells
b. parenchyma cells
c. sieve-tube elements
d. root hairs

 No. Sclerenchyma cells are dead when mature. 

 No. Photosynthesis does not occur in pith. 

 No. Dermal tissue forms an outer covering, and most epidermal cells (except guard cells) lack chloroplasts. 

 No. Vascular tissue is conductive tissue. 

Consider the tissues of a leaf.

Most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in specialized __________ cells called the __________.

Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma- Simple permanent tissues

 are necessary for water absorption from the environment  

 No. Guard cells control the opening of the stomata; though they are involved in controlling the evaporative loss of water, they are not involved in absorption. 

 protect the plant's roots from infection 

 No. Guard cells are structures found in leaves. 

 control water and solute intake by roots 

 The first and second responses are correct. 

 No. Guard cells reduce evaporative water loss, but they are not involved in water absorption. 

 reduce evaporative water loss through the stomata 

Consider what guard cells guard.

Guard cells __________.

The Reproductive Lives of Nonvascular Plants: Alternation of Generations - Crash Course Biology #36

 The leaves could not get carbon dioxide. 

 No. Gas exchange by leaves occurs through the stomata and does not involve the bark or sapwood. 

 No. Cutting through the bark and sapwood does not involve cutting the roots and does not affect their permeability. 

 No. The leaves are photosynthetic and thus produce food. 

Consider the structure of the stem.

A vandal killed a historic oak tree on the village green by girdling it with a chain saw. He cut through the bark and into the sapwood all the way around the tree. Why did the tree die?

Ground Tissue Cells

Vascular Tissue

Alternation of Generations Life Cycle

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