18. Biotechnology

DNA Fingerprinting

The gel below shows a region of STRs from a DNA sample taken from a crime scene. It also shows the same region of STRs from 4 suspects involved in the case. Which suspect’ DNA was found at the crime scene?<img src="https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/0a0691b4" alt="" />

 the order of bases in a particular gene 

 No. Production of a genetic profile does not involve nucleotide sequencing. 

 the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits 

 No. Nor would this be particularly useful for determining the identity of a single individual. 

 the order of genes along particular chromosomes 

 No. In the absence of chromosomal aberrations, all individuals within a species have a common gene sequence along their chromosomes. 

 the exact location of a specific SNP in an individual's genome 

 No. Although SNPs may result in changes in the pattern of DNA fragments in a genetic profile, the precise location of SNPs is not shown in the profile. 

 the presence of various-sized fragments of DNA 

How is a genetic profile prepared?

Genetic profiles used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The pattern of bars in a genetic profile shows __________.

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

A friend who works in a research lab performed a GWAS and discovered a tight association between a SNP allele and the disease she is studying. She concluded that the SNP allele must be the mutation that causes the disease. Explain why she is likely to be wrong.

Revolutionaries executed Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia, along with his wife and five children, the family physician, and about a dozen servants. Many decades later, a grave said to hold the remains of the royal family was discovered. Biologists were asked to analyze DNA from the bodies. If the remains of the family were in this grave, predict how similar the DNA fingerprints would be between the parents, the children, and the unrelated individuals in the grave.

 The number of repeats is highly variable from person to person or organism to organism.

The sequence of DNA that is repeated varies significantly from individual to individual.

The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments.

Every racial and ethnic group has inherited a specific number of short tandem repeats.

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. Is there any reason for the government to keep genetic files?

 No. Because a baby receives only half of its genes from each parent, you would expect the DNA of each parent to show some bands not seen in their child. 

 No. Because each parent contributes only half of the offspring's genes, you would expect the baby's DNA to exhibit bands not found in the DNA of just one particular parent. 

This is a logic problem.

Genetic profiles are used to determine whether Sam could be the father of Becky's baby. Sam is not the father if __________ genetic profile shows some bands not present in __________ genetic profile.

How does DNA fingerprinting work? - Naked Science Scrapbook

How could the research group determine whether a homologous gene for blight resistance exists in the human genome?

Animation: Genetic Profiles ("DNA Fingerprinting")

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used.

How does DNA fingerprinting work?

DNA Fingerprinting | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool

Why does DNA profiling rely on comparing specific genetic markers rather than the entire genome?

Using DNA to Identify People

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. Or might they be compelled to be tested against their wishes? Can you think of other reasons to proceed with caution?

Forensic DNA Profiling, Part I

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. Is there any obligation to warn relatives who might share a defective gene?

Imagine you have found a small quantity of DNA. Fill in the following diagram, which outlines a series of DNA technology experiments you could perform to study this DNA. 
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. <img class="fr-dib" src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/f9f4325c87843f45-1677716669156.jpg" style="width: 300px;">

The DNA profiles used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The pattern of bars in a DNA profile shows
a. the order of bases in a particular gene.
b. the presence of various-sized fragments of DNA.
c. the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits.
d. the order of genes along particular chromosomes.

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. Might some people avoid being tested for fear of being labeled genetic outcasts?

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?
a. SNP analysis
b. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c. electroporation
d. gel electrophoresis

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. Should the information be available to insurance companies? Why or why not?

To collect DNA samples from random individuals in a population.

To diagnose diseases within closely related family members.

To determine whether DNA samples collected from two different locations are from the same person.

The goal of DNA fingerprinting is:

The possibility of extensive genetic testing raises questions about how personal genetic information should be used. For example, should employers or potential employers have access to such information?

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MIT BLOSSOMS

Bozeman Science

1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

5. Cell Components

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil