18. Biotechnology

DNA Fingerprinting

How could the research group determine whether a homologous gene for blight resistance exists in the human genome?

The gel below shows a region of STRs from a DNA sample taken from a crime scene. It also shows the same region of STRs from 4 suspects involved in the case. Which suspect’ DNA was found at the crime scene?<img src="https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/images/0a0691b4" alt="" />

 the order of bases in a particular gene 

 No. Production of a genetic profile does not involve nucleotide sequencing. 

 the presence of dominant or recessive alleles for particular traits 

 No. Nor would this be particularly useful for determining the identity of a single individual. 

 the order of genes along particular chromosomes 

 No. In the absence of chromosomal aberrations, all individuals within a species have a common gene sequence along their chromosomes. 

 the exact location of a specific SNP in an individual's genome 

 No. Although SNPs may result in changes in the pattern of DNA fragments in a genetic profile, the precise location of SNPs is not shown in the profile. 

 the presence of various-sized fragments of DNA 

How is a genetic profile prepared?

Genetic profiles used as evidence in a murder trial look something like supermarket bar codes. The pattern of bars in a genetic profile shows __________.

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

A friend who works in a research lab performed a GWAS and discovered a tight association between a SNP allele and the disease she is studying. She concluded that the SNP allele must be the mutation that causes the disease. Explain why she is likely to be wrong.

 The number of repeats is highly variable from person to person or organism to organism.

The sequence of DNA that is repeated varies significantly from individual to individual.

The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments.

Every racial and ethnic group has inherited a specific number of short tandem repeats.

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

 No. Because a baby receives only half of its genes from each parent, you would expect the DNA of each parent to show some bands not seen in their child. 

 No. Because each parent contributes only half of the offspring's genes, you would expect the baby's DNA to exhibit bands not found in the DNA of just one particular parent. 

This is a logic problem.

Genetic profiles are used to determine whether Sam could be the father of Becky's baby. Sam is not the father if __________ genetic profile shows some bands not present in __________ genetic profile.

How does DNA fingerprinting work? - Naked Science Scrapbook

Animation: Genetic Profiles ("DNA Fingerprinting")

How does DNA fingerprinting work?

DNA Fingerprinting | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool

Using DNA to Identify People

Forensic DNA Profiling, Part I

Revolutionaries executed Nicholas II, the last czar of Russia, along with his wife and five children, the family physician, and about a dozen servants. Many decades later, a grave said to hold the remains of the royal family was discovered. Biologists were asked to analyze DNA from the bodies. If the remains of the family were in this grave, predict how similar the DNA fingerprints would be between the parents, the children, and the unrelated individuals in the grave.

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?
a. SNP analysis
b. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c. electroporation
d. gel electrophoresis

To collect DNA samples from random individuals in a population.

To diagnose diseases within closely related family members.

To determine whether DNA samples collected from two different locations are from the same person.

The goal of DNA fingerprinting is:

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11. Cell Division

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14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

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27. Protists

28. Plants

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30. Overview of Animals

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42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

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48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

[BOOK BIO] CLUTCH

Dideoxy Sequencing

The Steps of PCR

Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction

Introduction to DNA Sequencing

Steps to DNA Cloning

Gel Electrophoresis

Southern Blotting

Introduction to DNA-Based Technology

Introduction to DNA Cloning

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