14. Sequences & Series

Finding steady states using infinite series Solve Exercise 40 by expressing the amount of aspirin in your blood as a geometric series and evaluating the series.

Explain why the magnitude of the remainder in an alternating series (with terms that are nonincreasing in magnitude) is less than or equal to the magnitude of the first neglected term.

Define the remainder of an infinite series.

18–20. Evaluating geometric series two ways Evaluate each geometric series two ways.

a. Find the nth partial sum Sₙ of the series and evaluate lim (as n → ∞) Sₙ.

∑ (k = 0 to ∞) (–2/7)ᵏ

67–70. Formulas for sequences of partial sums Consider the following infinite series.

b.Find a formula for the nth partial sum Sₙ of the infinite series. Use this formula to find the next four partial sums S₅, S₆, S₇, S₈ of the infinite series.

∑⁽∞⁾ₖ₌₁2⁄[(2k − 1)(2k + 1)]

Compute the first four partial sums and find a formula for the $n^{\mathrm{th}}$ partial sum.

${\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }2n-1$

27–37. Evaluating series Evaluate the following infinite series or state that the series diverges.

∑ (from k = 1 to ∞)2ᵏ / 3ᵏ⁺²

Express 0.314141414… as a ratio of two integers.

9–16. Divergence Test Use the Divergence Test to determine whether the following series diverge or state that the test is inconclusive.

∑ (k = 2 to ∞) √k / (ln¹⁰ k)

72–86. Evaluating series Evaluate each series or state that it diverges.

∑ (k = 1 to ∞) (((1/6)ᵏ + (1/3)ᵏ) × k⁻¹)

9–16. Divergence Test Use the Divergence Test to determine whether the following series diverge or state that the test is inconclusive.

∑ (k = 0 to ∞) k / (2k + 1)

72–86. Evaluating series Evaluate each series or state that it diverges.

∑ (k = 2 to ∞) ln((k + 1)k⁻¹) / (ln k × ln(k + 1))

71. Evaluating an infinite series two ways

Evaluate the series

∑ (k = 1 to ∞) (4 / 3ᵏ – 4 / 3ᵏ⁺¹) two ways.

b. Use a geometric series argument with Theorem 10.8.

9–16. Divergence Test Use the Divergence Test to determine whether the following series diverge or state that the test is inconclusive.

∑ (k = 0 to ∞) 1 / (1000 + k)

72–86. Evaluating series Evaluate each series or state that it diverges.

∑ (k = 1 to ∞) ((1/3) × (5/6)ᵏ + (3/5) × (7/9)ᵏ)