Acid-Base Balance Practice Problems

John, a 45-year-old man, visits his doctor complaining of persistent high blood pressure. He has a family history of hypertension, and his blood pressure has been difficult to control despite being on medication. The doctor suspects that John's hypertension might be due to an abnormality in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathway. Which of the following will be a medication of choice for John's treatment?

Which of the following do the kidneys excrete in the urine to maintain the pH of the blood?

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system's mechanism for maintaining acid-base balance when the partial pressure of CO₂ rises in the blood?

Which type of acid-base imbalance can be caused by pneumonia?

What happens to respiratory rate and depth when the respiratory system tries to compensate for metabolic acid-base imbalances?

The following body ions are involved in renal regulation except:

Which of the following is a chemical buffer system that helps maintain pH in the body?

When a person is said to be suffering from metabolic acidosis, which organ is said to be faulty?

A fixed acid must be eliminated through which route?

Lactic acidosis occurs when there is insufficient:

If an individual experiences metabolic acidosis caused by diarrhea, why do they need to breathe faster and deeper?

How does the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system respond if there is a rise in the pH of a body fluid?

When blood becomes too acidic, which of the following responses is true?

What is the role of hemoglobin's histidine residues in maintaining acid-base balance in the body in an acidic environment?

Which of the following protein responses in an acidic environment is true?

The buffer system which contains ionizable functional groups such as amino group and carboxyl group is called:

Which of the following statements about the kidney's mechanism in maintaining the blood pH is true?

Polyuria is a medical condition characterized by excessive urination. The following are the direct possible causes of this condition except:

Which of the following does not directly lead to respiratory acidosis?

The following characterize metabolic alkalosis except:

Metabolic disorders can impact acid-base balance by:

What can cause respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, respectively:

The first-line treatment for acid-base balance disorders like metabolic acidosis:

A patient was rushed to the ER after having a prolonged episode of hyperventilation. Arterial blood gas was obtained and revealed: PCO2 35, pH 8.2.

What acid-base balance anomaly is the patient experiencing and how should it be treated:

Given the following pH: 7.20 pCO₂: 47mmHg HCO₃: 17mEq/L. Determine how the body will initially compensate for the acid-base imbalance:

When there is a narrowing of the renal arteries, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System (RAAS) is activated due to a perceived decrease in blood pressure. Which of the following occurs after this response?

Sodium is an important electrolyte that helps maintain proper fluid balance in the body. Which of the following is a consequence of excess sodium concentration in the bloodstream?

How does the body reduce acidity in terms of regulatory respiration?

Which of the following statements about respiratory compensation is true?

Which of the following is responsible for synthesizing glutamine from ammonium ions and glutamate?

A person has the following blood values: pH - 7.0; Pco₂ - 32 mm Hg; HCO_3^– - 10.0 mEq/L. Which form of acid-base imbalance is the person experiencing?

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory response when the blood pH drops?

Whenever the pH drops, the chemical buffers:

 In the bicarbonate buffer system, which of the following buffers strong bases?

The pH of four solutions are given below. Identify which of the following solutions would be termed basic.

Which of the following is true regarding the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidney?

When does lactic acid become a source of metabolic acid?

The following are the buffer systems of the ECF except:

In a buffer containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, the hydrogen ions will react with the conjugate base to form:

Which of the following effects of increased ventilation is true?

Renal regulation of blood pH is concerned with the following except:

Holding one's breath is a form of hypoventilation. Which of the following is the expected change in blood pH:

Choose which statement is correct regarding the acid-base balance of the body:

I. Acid-base disturbances are handled by the kidneys alone if they are metabolic

II. Respiratory adjustments during acid-base alterations begin in minutes

In what way will the respiratory system respond to a decrease in blood pH that was metabolic in nature:

Which of the following statements is true regarding renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis:

In respiratory acidosis, there is a failure of ventilation which results in the accumulation of:

Emily's feet, ankles, and legs are all swollen. Her doctor diagnoses edema and recommends diuretics. However, after a few days she begins vomiting frequently, which was diagnosed as metabolic alkalosis. How can diuretics contribute to metabolic alkalosis?

Ms. Audrey has been taking a heavy dosage of Eplerenone, which is an aldosterone-blocking diuretic. Which of the following ions is most likely to be higher in her laboratory test reports?

In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the increased level of ketone bodies leads to metabolic acidosis. In response to metabolic acidosis, a patient typically experiences hyperventilation. Why does this usually happen?

A doctor examines a patient's laboratory test results and determines that the patient has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following best characterizes the patient's test results?