Compare the outcomes of two different cases of infectious disease...

Question

Compare the outcomes of two different cases of infectious diseases in a community. Case 1: A man with an infectious disease enters a community where the disease has not previously occurred. Case 2: A man with an infectious disease enters a community where almost everyone has been vaccinated against the disease.

Accepted Answer

Hi everyone. Let's look at our next question. It says which type of immunity is provided by vaccines. When we look over our answer choices, we see that we have choices of artificial active immunity, artificial passive immunity, natural active immunity and natural passive immunity. So we see we have two artificial versus natural active versus passive. So let's just recall the differences between these things. So we'll start with artificial versus natural immunity. Pretty straightforward artificial being something introduced by outside factors deliberately medical treatment versus natural something that naturally is naturally occurring. No outside intervention needed. So if we think about vaccines it's pretty clear that vaccines are a case of artificial immunity, they have to be developed and administered as a medical treatment. So when we look at our answer choices we see that choice A and choice be involved artificial immunity. So we can eliminate C. And D. So now let's look at our second distinction and that's going to be between active and passive immunity. So when we look at that we see that passive immunity is a short term thing. It occurs. You have an immune response. Um but not uh not staying with the individual versus active is long term and involves the body producing antibodies and then maintaining the memory cells that allow it to quickly ramp up production. Again, if that antigen is encountered in the future. So again we can think about vaccines and we know that obviously we want active immunity happening as a result because it means whenever you have a vaccine for measles anytime a measles virus has encountered, the body has that those memory cells allowing it to produce antibodies at any time against measles. So we want active as the second part here. So we see Choice A. Is artificial active. So Choice A will be our answer whereas Choice B. Has passive so that's not our answer choice. Um We can just think quickly if we want about what are examples of these other things um artificial passive immunity. So artificially introduced short term would be something like um an injection of something like gamma globulin uh antibodies that induces a brief response that would be sort of in times of crisis when you're trying to help a person fight an overwhelming infection. Natural active immunity choice C um is just your body's regular immune system acting and producing those memory T cells as it would if you encountered the disease and contracted contracted measles. And now you have natural active immunity against the measles. And then finally natural passive immunity is a rather specific case. Um passive meaning uh short term um not involving an antibodies generated by her body but occurring naturally and that occurs during pregnancy. If a mother has antibodies to the disease. So she receives a vaccine or encounters disease. Those antibodies can be can be passed across the placenta to the fetus. And when that newborn is born it has this short term immunity to antibodies given by the mother. So it doesn't involve antibodies produced by the baby itself but it occurs naturally in pregnancy. But we're looking at what type of media provided by vaccines and that's choice. A artificial active immunity. See you in the next video.

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