The poison-arrow frogs Dendrobates of tropical America are all brightly colored and have very similar patterns. Although each species is distasteful to predators and all possess toxic skin secretions, some of the species live quite separately from the others. The adaptive relationship among these species is best termed __________.

• A. cryptic coloration
• B. parasitism
• C. commensalism
• D. Batesian mimicry
• E. Müllerian mimicry