Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?
a. An individual may change its sex during its lifetime.
b. Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals.
c. An organism is first a male and then a female.
d. An egg develops without being fertilized.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of parthenogenesis: It is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into an individual without fertilization.
2. Analyze option a: Changing sex during a lifetime is known as sequential hermaphroditism, not parthenogenesis.
3. Analyze option b: Specialized groups of cells growing into new individuals is a form of asexual reproduction called budding, not parthenogenesis.
4. Analyze option c: Being first male and then female is another form of sequential hermaphroditism, not parthenogenesis.
5. Analyze option d: This describes parthenogenesis accurately, as it involves an egg developing without fertilization.

Key Concepts

Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a new individual without fertilization. This process occurs naturally in some plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, allowing for reproduction without the genetic contribution of a male. It is distinct from sexual reproduction, as it involves only one parent.

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. It results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism. This type of reproduction is common in single-celled organisms and some multicellular organisms, providing a rapid means of population increase.

Fertilization

Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes (sperm and egg) fuse to form a zygote, initiating the development of a new organism. It is a key component of sexual reproduction, ensuring genetic diversity through the combination of genetic material from two parents. In contrast, parthenogenesis bypasses this process, leading to offspring from a single parent.