Which of the following statements is true? (A)Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids. (B)The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan. (C)Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity. (D)No archaea are capable of using CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methane.

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Identify the key differences between Archaea and Bacteria, especially focusing on their cellular structures such as membrane lipids and cell walls.

Review the composition of cell walls in Archaea and Bacteria, noting the presence or absence of peptidoglycan.

Consider the genetic diversity in prokaryotes by examining their reproduction methods and mutation rates.

Analyze the metabolic capabilities of Archaea, particularly those involved in methanogenesis, which is the process of producing methane by oxidizing hydrogen with carbon dioxide.

Evaluate each statement provided in the question against the biological characteristics and processes you have reviewed to determine which statement is accurate.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Differences between Archaea and Bacteria

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotic organisms, but they differ significantly in their membrane lipids and cell wall composition. Archaea have unique ether-linked lipids, while bacteria typically have ester-linked lipids. Additionally, the cell walls of archaea do not contain peptidoglycan, which is a characteristic feature of bacterial cell walls.

Prokaryotic Genetic Diversity

Prokaryotes, which include both bacteria and archaea, exhibit high levels of genetic diversity due to mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer, mutation, and rapid reproduction. This diversity allows them to adapt quickly to changing environments, contradicting the notion that they have low genetic diversity.

Methanogenesis in Archaea

Methanogenesis is a metabolic process carried out by certain archaea, where they use carbon dioxide (CO2) to oxidize hydrogen (H2), producing methane (CH4) as a byproduct. This process is crucial in various ecosystems, particularly in anaerobic environments, and highlights the unique metabolic capabilities of archaea compared to other organisms.