13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetics, Chromatin Modifications, and Regulation Practice Problems

13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetics, Chromatin Modifications, and Regulation Practice Problems

49 problems

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Next Topic: Post Translational Modifications

1PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following changes is necessary to permit the expression of a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell?

2PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is a possible explanation of a eukaryotic gene which fails to produce a functional protein when incorporated into a bacterial chromosome?

3PRACTICE PROBLEM

Bacteria undergo coupled transcription and translation while this process is not possible in single-celled eukaryotes e.g. yeast. Why?

4PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is not an example of epigenetics?

5PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following types of chromatin can switch between a condensed and less condensed state depending on the needs of the cell?

6PRACTICE PROBLEM

Over most of the cell cycle, heterochromatin remains highly condensed, with the exception of:

7PRACTICE PROBLEM

The expression of genes necessary for development is maintained by the:

8PRACTICE PROBLEM

Determine the enzyme(s) responsible for chromatin modification.

9PRACTICE PROBLEM

The process of changing the DNA structure to allow or prevent access to the genetic information is termed:

10PRACTICE PROBLEM

Prader-Willi syndrome is a condition in which a region of chromosome 15 becomes "unstable", thereby, affecting gene expression regulation. Which of the following cases will cause the occurrence of Prader-Willi syndrome?

11PRACTICE PROBLEM

___________________ is a genetic disease attributed to the loss of imprinted genomic material within the paternal 15q11.2-13 locus.

12PRACTICE PROBLEM

Choose which of the following statements are true:

I. Methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) in the placenta is associated with infant cry acoustics

II. Exposure to stress has no effect on DNA methylation and disease phenotypes

III. Cortisol and corticosterone are the primary hormones responsible for the stress response

IV. Most DNA methylation is essential for normal development

13PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following histone modifications relaxes the grip of histones on DNA, thereby altering the structure of chromatin?

14PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following proteins participates in histone modification by adding chemical groups to histones?

15PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following will be different in identical monozygotic twins?

16PRACTICE PROBLEM

Where are the majority of the methylated CpG dinucleotides located?

17PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is NOT an epigenetic genome modification?

18PRACTICE PROBLEM

Abnormal regulation of which of the following enzyme classes has been associated with a variety of cancer subtypes?

19PRACTICE PROBLEM

Identify the incorrect statement about the epigenome.

20PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is lower in cancer cells?

21PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following epigenetic changes have been linked to cancer?

22PRACTICE PROBLEM

Genes with methylated CpG sequences within promoters are transcriptionally __________.

23PRACTICE PROBLEM

CpG islands are associated with which of the following?

24PRACTICE PROBLEM

BRCA1 is the gene associated with breast cancer. In normal cells, the promoter region of the BRCA1 gene is ______. However, in cases of breast cancer, its promoter region is ______.

25PRACTICE PROBLEM

Children who are born through assisted reproductive technology (ART) have an increased risk for:

26PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is the epigenetic change that occurs during the establishment of heterochromatin at a centromere?

27PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the possible consequence of hypomethylation of repetitive sequences such as LINEs and SINEs?

28PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following statements about Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is true?

29PRACTICE PROBLEM

The monoallelic expression in which either the maternal or paternal allele is expressed is called:

30PRACTICE PROBLEM

Using the histone code, what does H5L19p2 represent?

31PRACTICE PROBLEM

Long ncRNAs are composed of _____ nucleotides.

32PRACTICE PROBLEM

Where is the bulk of miRNAs located in the genome?

33PRACTICE PROBLEM

How do long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) differ from typical mRNAs?

34PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which histone H3 modification is related to mRNA processing and transcriptional elongation?

35PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following compounds provides an acetyl group during the acetylation of lysine?

36PRACTICE PROBLEM

The amino acid lysine interacts with DNA because of:

37PRACTICE PROBLEM

Lysine is an example of:

38PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which histone H3 modification is necessary for the chromatin-remodeling complexes to be recruited to the promoter regions of genes?

39PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following modifications of histone H3 is associated with the formation of heterochromatin and gene silencing?

40PRACTICE PROBLEM

Active gene expression is associated with the methylation of:

41PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is a consequence of having nucleosomes that are spaced closely together?

42PRACTICE PROBLEM

γ-globin is expressed during fetal development, but becomes silenced in adults due to methylation of cytidine in a CpG island in or near the promoter. Which of the following do you believe will stimulate its expression in adult patients if incorporated into DNA?

43PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following nucleotides is methylated at position 5 in eukaryotes?

44PRACTICE PROBLEM

The miRNAs are products of miRNA genes and are transcribed in the nucleus. How do they differ from mRNAs?

45PRACTICE PROBLEM

Enhancers and promoters are both regulatory elements that control the transcription of genes. Enhancers can be found at:

46PRACTICE PROBLEM

What is the correct statement regarding chromatin remodeling complexes?

47PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic modification?

48PRACTICE PROBLEM

Which of the following states the effect of histone deacetylation?