11. Momentum & Impulse

Completely Inelastic Collisions

Momentum (7 of 16) Inelastic Collisions, Example 1

On a frictionless, horizontal air table, puck A (with mass 0.250 kg) is moving toward puck B (with mass 0.350 kg), which is initially at rest. After the collision, puck A has a velocity of 0.120 m/s to the left, and puck B has a velocity of 0.650 m/s to the right. (a) What was the speed of puck A before the collision? (b) Calculate the change in the total kinetic energy of the system that occurs during the collision.

Bullet Fired Into Block

Momentum (9 of 16) Inelastic Collisions, Example 3

It's a Bird and it Swallowed a Bug | Physics with Professor Matt Anderson | M9-09

When cars are equipped with flexible bumpers, they will bounce off each other during low-speed collisions, thus causing less damage. In one such accident, a 1750-kg car traveling to the right at 1.50 m/s collides with a 1450-kg car going to the left at 1.10 m/s. Measurements show that the heavier car’s speed just after the collision was 0.250 m/s in its original direction. Ignore any road friction during the collision. (a) What was the speed of the lighter car just after the collision? (b) Calculate the change in the combined kinetic energy of the two-car system during this collision.

Two ice skaters, Daniel (mass 65.0 kg) and Rebecca (mass 45.0 kg), are practicing. Daniel stops to tie his shoelace and, while at rest, is struck by Rebecca, who is moving at 13.0 m/s before she collides with him. After the collision, Rebecca has a velocity of magnitude 8.00 m/s at an angle of 53.1° from her initial direction. Both skaters move on the frictionless, horizontal surface of the rink. (a) What are the magnitude and direction of Daniel’s velocity after the collision? (b) What is the change in total kinetic energy of the two skaters as a result of the collision?

Clay ball stops a block:  minimum speed to stop the block, find the initial speed and energy lost.

Completely Inelastic Collilsions

Anderson Video - Change in Momentum

A 70-kg hockey player skates on frictionless ice at 5m/s. An opposing player of mass 110kg collides head-on with him at 4m/s. The two players become entangled after the collision and move together. Determine their final velocity.

To protect their young in the nest, peregrine falcons will fly into birds of prey (such as ravens) at high speed. In one such episode, a 600-g falcon flying at 20.0 m/s hit a 1.50-kg raven flying at 9.0 m/s. The falcon hit the raven at right angles to its original path and bounced back at 5.0 m/s. (These figures were estimated by the author as he watched this attack occur in northern New Mexico.) (a) By what angle did the falcon change the raven’s direction of motion?

Three-Body Collisions

You are standing on a sheet of ice that covers the football stadium parking lot in Buffalo; there is negligible friction between your feet and the ice. A friend throws you a 0.600-kg ball that is traveling horizontally at 10.0 m/s. Your mass is 70.0 kg. (b) If the ball hits you and bounces off your chest, so afterward it is moving horizontally at 8.0 m/s in the opposite direction, what is your speed after the collision?

A 1500 kg truck moving <math display=“inline”><mrow><mn>27</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></mrow></math> slams into a stationary 300 kg car. The two stick together. How fast are they moving immediately after the collision?

Momentum (8 of 16) Inelastic Collisions, Example 2

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions

Momentum, energy, speed, impulse and average force in a perfectly inelastic collision.

To protect their young in the nest, peregrine falcons will fly into birds of prey (such as ravens) at high speed. In one such episode, a 600-g falcon flying at 20.0 m/s hit a 1.50-kg raven flying at 9.0 m/s. The falcon hit the raven at right angles to its original path and bounced back at 5.0 m/s. (These figures were estimated by the author as he watched this attack occur in northern New Mexico.) (b) What was the raven’s speed right after the collision?

A 200 g blob of clay is moving in the positive y-direction at <math display=“inline”><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></mrow></math>. A 500 g blob of clay is moving in the positive x-direction at <math display=“inline”><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></mrow></math>. They collide and stick. What is the speed and direction of the resulting blob of clay? Give your answer as an angle counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.

An explosive projectile is flying through the air horizontally at a speed of <math display=“inline”><mrow><mn>200</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mtext>m/s</mtext></mrow></mrow></math>, when it explodes into two fragments, one twice as heavy as the other. The heavier fragment falls straight downward. What is the speed of the lighter fragment just after the explosion?

Anderson Video - Momentum in 1D Car Collision

You are standing on a sheet of ice that covers the football stadium parking lot in Buffalo; there is negligible friction between your feet and the ice. A friend throws you a 0.600-kg ball that is traveling horizontally at 10.0 m/s. Your mass is 70.0 kg. (a) If you catch the ball, with what speed do you and the ball move afterward?

Combined masses collide, speed after each collision, energy lost in each collision.

Physics 10   Momentum and Impulse (29 of 30) 2-D Inelastic Collision Ex.3

Two skaters collide and grab on to each other on frictionless ice. One of them, of mass 70.0 kg, is moving to the right at 4.00 m/s, while the other, of mass 65.0 kg, is moving to the left at 2.50 m/s. What are the magnitude and direction of the velocity of these skaters just after they collide?

Car Crash in Two Dimensions | Physics with Professor Matt Anderson | M9-11

Two fun-loving otters are sliding toward each other on a muddy (and hence frictionless) horizontal surface. One of them, of mass 7.50 kg, is sliding to the left at 5.00 m/s, while the other, of mass 5.75 kg, is slipping to the right at 6.00 m/s. They hold fast to each other after they collide. (b) How much mechanical energy dissipates during this play?

Energy lost in inelastic collision.  Conservation of momentum inelastic collision missing energy.

2D Collision

Jack (mass 55.0 kg) is sliding due east with speed 8.00 m/s on the surface of a frozen pond. He collides with Jill (mass 48.0 kg), who is initially at rest. After the collision, Jack is traveling at 5.00 m/s in a direction 34.0° north of east. What is Jill’s velocity (magnitude and direction) after the collision? Ignore friction.

Two fun-loving otters are sliding toward each other on a muddy (and hence frictionless) horizontal surface. One of them, of mass 7.50 kg, is sliding to the left at 5.00 m/s, while the other, of mass 5.75 kg, is slipping to the right at 6.00 m/s. They hold fast to each other after they collide. (a) Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of these free-spirited otters right after they collide.

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