13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Which of the following posttranslational modifications is defined by the addition of phosphates to a protein?

Which of the following posttranslational modifications are removed once a protein arrives at its final destination?

Which of the following posttranslational modifications marks a protein for degradation?

How may the covalent modification of a protein with a phosphate group alter its function?

List three different types of posttranslational modifications that may happen to a protein and the significance of each in the context of protein function.

Explain how the use of alternative promoters and alternative polyadenylation signals produces mRNAs with different - and -ends.

The regulation of mRNA decay relies heavily upon deadenylases and decapping enzymes. Explain how these classes of enzymes are critical to initiating mRNA decay.

The proteasome is a multi-subunit machine that unfolds and degrades proteins. How is its activity regulated such that it only degrades certain proteins?