23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Lesson 8 - Heat Engines And 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Physics Tutor)

Introduction to Heat Engines

A heat engine exhausts <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>250</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> per cycle while doing <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>200</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> of work. What is the efficiency of this engine?

Your car’s engine can be modeled as a heat engine. How many joules must be extracted from your gas tank to get your <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>1200</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">kg</mi></mrow></math> car to 26 m/s? Assume the thermal efficiency of your car is 16%. Ignore air resistance and other frictional effects on your car.

No, it violates the first law of thermodynamics.

No, it violates both the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

No, it violates the second law of thermodynamics.

In each cycle, a heat engine absorbs <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>1200</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> from a 400°C hot reservoir, emits <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>600</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> to 80°C cold reservoir, while doing <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>600</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> of work. Is it physically possible for this engine to exist?

A Carnot refrigerator is operated between two heat reservoirs at temperatures of 320 K and 270 K. (c) What is the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator?

A diesel engine performs 2200 J of mechanical work and discards 4300 J of heat each cycle. (a) How much heat must be supplied to the engine in each cycle?

Efficiency of a Nuclear Power Plant

Second Law Thermodynamics, Heat Engines, Efficiency, Carnot Heat Engine

In each cycle, a heat engine absorbs <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>1200</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> from a 400°C hot reservoir, emits <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>700</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> to 80°C cold reservoir, while doing <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>500</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> of work. Is it physically possible for this engine to exist?

Power Output of a Gasoline Engine

A Carnot refrigerator is operated between two heat reservoirs at temperatures of 320 K and 270 K. (a) If in each cycle the refrigerator receives 415 J of heat energy from the reservoir at 270 K, how many joules of heat energy does it deliver to the reservoir at 320 K?

A heat engine uses a tank of ice water as a cold reservoir. The engine takes in 8 kJ of heat from the hot reservoir, and the heat expelled melts 18g of ice in the tank. How much work does this engine do?

Thermal Efficiency & The Second Law of Thermodynamics

A Carnot refrigerator is operated between two heat reservoirs at temperatures of 320 K and 270 K. (b) If the refrigerator completes 165 cycles each minute, what power input is required to operate it?

An aircraft engine takes in 9 kJ of heat and expels 6.4 kJ of heat each cycle. How much mechanical work does the engine do each cycle?

Heat Engines And Second Law Of Thermodynamics

A steam turbine takes in 75g of water and boils it as heat energy to run a 40% efficient engine. How much work does this engine do per cycle?

phys2A ch15.7-8 The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines

Heat engines and the 2nd law

First and Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Heat Engine

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Physics with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Patrick

Physics

https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/physics/thumbnails/physics

#FFFFFF

Greg Clements

Robert Browne

Andrey K

Math and Science

Patrick Ford

Leila Jewell

mrwaynesclass

TutorVista

1. Intro to Physics Units

2. 1D Motion / Kinematics

3. Vectors

4. 2D Kinematics

5. Projectile Motion

6. Intro to Forces (Dynamics)

7. Friction, Inclines, Systems

8. Centripetal Forces & Gravitation

9. Work & Energy

10. Conservation of Energy

11. Momentum & Impulse

12. Rotational Kinematics

13. Rotational Inertia & Energy

14. Torque & Rotational Dynamics

15. Rotational Equilibrium

16. Angular Momentum

17. Periodic Motion

18. Waves & Sound

19. Fluid Mechanics

20. Heat and Temperature

21. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases

22. The First Law of Thermodynamics

24. Electric Force & Field; Gauss' Law

25. Electric Potential

26. Capacitors & Dielectrics

27. Resistors & DC Circuits

28. Magnetic Fields and Forces

29. Sources of Magnetic Field

30. Induction and Inductance

31. Alternating Current

32. Electromagnetic Waves

33. Geometric Optics

34. Wave Optics

36. Special Relativity

[BOOK PHYS] !CLUTCH

The Otto Cycle

Refrigerators

The Carnot Cycle

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Statistical Interpretation of Entropy

Heat Engines & PV Diagrams

Entropy Equations for Special Processes

General Chemistry

Jules

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

General Biology

Jason

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

Anatomy & Physiology

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities

Writing Emails People Want To Read

Critical Thinking

Self Management

Digital Literacy

Collaboration

Communication

Analytical Thinking

Leadership

Flexibility/Adaptability

Innovation

Eric Zackrison

Nicole Tetreault

Dive deep into Python with videos and more.

Introduction to Python

Arianne Dee

Agile Project and Product Management

Agile & Product Management

Mariya Breyther 

Introduction to Microsoft Power BI

Microsoft Power BI

Chris Sorensen

Data Analysis Fundamentals with Excel

Data Analysis - Excel

Chris Sorensen & Ammul Shergill

Getting Started with  and Cryptocurrency

Introduction to Blockchain

George Levy

Learn Enough HTML, CSS and Layout to be Dangerous

HTML, CSS & Layout

Lee Donahoe & Michael Hartl

Learn Enough JavaScript to be Dangerous: A Tutorial Introduction to Programming with JavaScript