23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines & PV Diagrams

Physics. Thermodynamics. Efficiency of the heat engine

The cycle in the figure shows four processes.  Process a is an isobaric expansion at <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>330</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">kPa</mi></mrow></math>. Process b is a constant volume reduction in pressure to <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>100</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">kPa</mi></mrow></math>. Process c returns the gas to its original state where the volume is <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>100</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math>. If the gas does <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">J</mi></mrow></math> of work each cycle, what is the maximum volume of the gas?<img src="https://media.pearsoncmg.com/aw/aw_knight_physics_5/msa/content/practice-test/img/CQ18_12_Figure.jpg" alt="A pressure versus volume graph.">

The figure shows the cycle of a heat engine that uses a diatomic gas. The temperature at point 1 is <math display="inline"><mrow><mn>350</mn><mo rspace="thickmathspace">&#x2062;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal" class="MathML-Unit">K</mi></mrow></math>.  What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?  <img src="https://media.pearsoncmg.com/aw/aw_knight_physics_5/msa/content/practice-test/img/P21_57_Figure.jpg" alt="A pressure versus volume graph.">

Video 3.5: PV diagrams and heat engines

Calculating Work in Heat Engines Using PV Diagrams

PHYS 40B: Heat Engines and Refrigerators

Heat Engines & Efficiency

Thermodynamics - PV Diagrams and Heat Engines

Efficiency of Heat Engine p-V Graph

Efficiency of a Four-Step Engine

PV diagrams and heat engines

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