13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

How do we know that double-stranded RNA molecules can control gene expression?

How do we know that misregulation of mRNA stability and decay is a contributing factor in some cancers?

How do we know that alternative splicing enables one gene to encode different isoforms with different functions?

Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following:

Enhanceosome action

Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following:

Silencer sequence action

Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following:

Upstream activator sequence (UAS)

Describe and give an example (real or hypothetical) of each of the following:

RNA interference

Write a short essay describing how an mRNA may be regulated in three different ways by specific cis-elements and RBPs.

Answer these questions concerning promoters.

What is the meaning of the term alternative promoter? How does the use of alternative promoters affect transcription?

Answer these questions concerning promoters.

Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than bacterial promoters. Explain why.

Answer these questions concerning promoters.

What consensus sequences are detected in the mammalian β-globin gene promoter?

What features of eukaryotes provide additional opportunities for the regulation of gene expression compared to bacteria?

List three types of alternative splicing patterns and how they lead to the production of different protein isoforms.

Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative splicing show. Which different types of alternative splicing patterns are represented?

Describe the roles of writers, readers, and erasers in eukaryotic gene regulation.