16. Microbial Genetics

5-Bromouracil is structurally similar to a nucleobase and can be inserted into the DNA and perform base- pairing. 5-Bromouracil is a base ________ for the base thymine.

Which of the following statements about mutagens and carcinogens is true?

Which of the following wavelengths of light cause Thymine dimer mutations?

Acquired antibiotic resistance can include all of the following except:

a. altering an enzyme that a given drug may target.

b. making endospores.

c. altering a point of entry for a drug.

d. making enzymes that inactivate a drug.

e. increasing the number of efflux pumps that are active in a cell.

Label the following as a biological, chemical, or physical mutagen:

UV radiation:

Transposons:

Cigarette smoke:

Viruses:

X-rays:

Plasmids:

Alcohol:

The drugs ddC and AZT are used to treat AIDS.

Based on their chemical structures, what is their mode of action?

Indicate which of the following are true and which are false. Rewrite any false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

__________ Protoplast fusion is often used in the genetic modification of plants.

The antimicrobial effect of gamma radiation is due to (a) ________. The antimicrobial effect of ultraviolet radiation is due to (b) ________.