Which statement best describes the difference between $\mathrm{potential energy}$ and $\mathrm{kinetic energy}$?

• A. $\mathrm{Potential energy}$ is the energy of motion, while $\mathrm{kinetic energy}$ is stored energy due to an object's position.
• B. $\mathrm{Potential energy}$ and $\mathrm{kinetic energy}$ are always equal for any object.
• C. Both $\mathrm{potential energy}$ and $\mathrm{kinetic energy}$ are only present when an object is moving.
• D. $\mathrm{Potential energy}$ is stored energy due to an object's position or configuration, while $\mathrm{kinetic energy}$ is the energy of motion.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration relative to other objects. For example, an object held at a height has gravitational potential energy because of its elevated position.
2. Recognize that kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses because of its motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
3. Note that potential energy and kinetic energy are different forms of mechanical energy; potential energy is stored energy, while kinetic energy is active energy due to movement.
4. Remember that these two types of energy can transform into each other, such as when a falling object converts potential energy into kinetic energy.
5. Therefore, the best description is that potential energy is stored energy due to an object's position or configuration, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.