$$In a simple pendulum undergoing oscillatory motion, which moment corresponds to the maximum kinetic energy of the system?$$

• A. $$When the pendulum passes through its lowest point in the swing$$
• B. $$When the pendulum reaches its highest point on either side$$
• C. $$When the pendulum is momentarily at rest$$
• D. $$When the pendulum is halfway between its lowest and highest points$$

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a simple pendulum converts energy between potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) during its oscillation.
2. Recall that the potential energy is maximum at the highest points of the swing because the pendulum is at its greatest height relative to the lowest point.
3. Recognize that the kinetic energy is related to the speed of the pendulum, which is highest when the pendulum passes through the lowest point of its swing.
4. Use the conservation of mechanical energy principle: total energy (E) = potential energy (PE) + kinetic energy (KE) remains constant throughout the motion.
5. Conclude that since PE is minimum and velocity is maximum at the lowest point, the kinetic energy reaches its maximum value when the pendulum passes through the lowest point in the swing.