11. Cell Division

Phases of Mitosis

What evidence suggests that during anaphase, kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore?

Animation: Mitosis

between the G1 and S phases in the cell cycle.

Scientists isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. They isolate a group of cells that have 1 1/2 times more DNA than G1 phase cells. What is the most likely part of the cell cycle from which these cells were isolated?

If there are 40 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?a) 10.b) 20.c) 40.d) 80.

 No. The genetic material duplicates during the S phase. 

 No. This phase contains a cell cycle checkpoint. 

 No. During this phase, the chromosomes align along the metaphase plate. 

 No. This is the phase during which the centromere divides and former sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell. 

Review the events of each phase of the cell cycle.

In a human skin cell that is going through the cell cycle, when do the centrosomes separate?

Short Video: Animal Mitosis

 No. In prometaphase, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the kinetochores attach to microtubules. What happens in metaphase? 

 No. In prometaphase, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the kinetochores attach to microtubules. What happens in the S phase? 

 No. In prometaphase, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the kinetochores attach to microtubules. What happens in interphase? 

 No. In prometaphase the nuclear envelope fragments and the kinetochores attach to microtubules. What happens in anaphase? 

Consider the events of each of the phases of the cell cycle.

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope?

THE MITOSIS SONG | Science Music Video

Maintaining an appropriate spacing among the moving chromosomes.

Starting the separation of the cytoplasm once the final stage of mitosis is complete.

Providing the ATP needed by the kinetochore microtubules to move the chromosomes.

Pulling the poles of the cell closer together.

Pushing the poles of the cell further apart.

Which of the following is a function of the non-kinetochore microtubules?

Metaphase

 the synthesis of a new nuclear envelope 

 the alignment of chromosomes in a single plane 

 No. This usually accompanies telophase. 

 the beginning of the formation of a spindle apparatus 

One event occurring during prophase is __________.

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
a. condensation of the chromosomes
b. replication of the DNA
c. separation of sister chromatids
d. spindle formation

 No. Review the relationship between chromosomes and chromatids. 

 None of the listed responses is correct. 

 No. One of the other choices is correct. 

Anaphase precedes telophase.

Assume that you are dealing with a species in which the number of chromosomes in each somatic cell is 14. How many sister chromatids are present in the early telophase of mitosis?

Mitosis: How One Cell Becomes Two

The division of the cell into two daughter cells, each with their own nuclei.

The division of the cell into four daughter cells, each with half a nuclei.

Nothing, the cell now possesses two nuclei and twice the amount of genetic material.

The nuclear envelopes form and the mitotic spindles disassembles during telophase in preparation for what?

 Cohesins joining sister chromatids at the centromeres are cleaved during anaphase. 

 No. Although this is true, there is a better choice. 

 The centrioles are at opposite poles during anaphase. 

 A spindle made of microtubules is present during anaphase. 

 Genetically identical chromosomes (previously sister chromatids) move to opposite poles during anaphase. 

 All of the listed responses are correct. 

Which event or events occur during anaphase?

The circles labeled A to E each represent the chromosomes within a cell during a single phase of mitosis. Which image is showing one of the newly created nuclei at the end of telophase?<img src="https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/biology/thumbnails/images/5c6d6e3f" alt="" />

What major events occur during anaphase of mitosis?

 No. During interphase, the chromatin cannot be seen, and the spindle has not yet begun to form. 

 No. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate. 

 No. The S phase is a part of the cell cycle that precedes mitosis. 

 No. During anaphase, the paired centromeres separate, and the once-joined sister chromatids begin to move to opposite poles of the cell. 

In telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in __________.

 No. This phase encompasses cell growth and contains a cell cycle checkpoint. 

 No. The question does not describe prophase. 

At what point do sister chromatids separate?

Prometaphase

a) They use motor proteins to hydrolyze the centromere at specific arginine residues.

They create tension by pulling toward opposite poles.

They slide past each other like actin microfilaments.

They phosphorylate the centromere, thereby changing its conformation.

In what way do kinetochore microtubules facilitate the process of splitting the sister chromatids?

At which phase of the cell cycle do centrosomes begin to move apart in animal cells?

 the movement of chromosomes to opposite poles 

 No. This occurs during prophase of mitosis. 

 alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator 

Consider the events of the cell cycle that are not a part of mitosis.

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?

BioFlix: Mitosis 

At metaphase of mitosis,                   .
a. the chromosomes are condensed and found at the poles;
b. the chromosomes are composed of one sister chromatid;
c. cytokinesis begins;
d. the chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids and are lined up along the equator of the cell

Alignment of chromosomes along the cell’s equator.

Alignment of the mitotic spindle along the cell’s equator.

Metaphase is characterized by ________.

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Telophase

Splitting the cytoplasm following mitosis.

Triggering the condensation of chromosomes.

The mitotic spindle plays a critical role in which of the following processes of cellular division?

Anaphase

To allow spindle fibers to attach to chromosomes.

Why does the nuclear envelope break down during prometaphase?

Short Video: Nuclear Envelope Formation

Prophase

Short Video: Spindle Formation During Mitosis

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is:

Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol prevents microtubule depolymerization (breaking down). Thus, Taxol stops mitosis by interfering with which of the following structures or processes?a) The mitotic spindle.b) Cytokinesis.c) DNA replication.d) Chromosome condensation.

How to Remember the Order of the Phases of Mitosis

Mitosis | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase

Mitosis: Splitting Up is Complicated - Crash Course Biology #12

a) Prophase - prometaphase - anaphase - metaphase – telophase.

b) Prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase – telophase.

c) Prometaphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase – telophase.

d) Metaphase - anaphase - interphase - prophase – telophase

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is:

 No. Anaphase begins when the cohesins joining sister chromatids are cleaved, allowing the chromatids (now called chromosomes) to move toward opposite poles of the cell. 

 No. Telophase essentially undoes the events of prophase and prometaphase. 

 No. Interphase is not a part of mitosis. 

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell?

 No. The question does not refer to any of the events of prophase. 

 No. The question does not refer to any of the events of prometaphase. 

The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes move toward separate poles of the cell is __________.

Which of the following events characterizes metaphase of mitosis?I. Movement of chromosomes to the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) of the cell.II. A spindle fiber attaches to each sister chromatid.III. Separation of sister chromatids that are being pulled to the poles of the cell.

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