21. Principles of Disease

Which of the following systemic mycoses is endemic to the deserts of the southwestern

United States?

a. Blastomycosis

b. Coccidioidomycosis

c. Histoplasmosis

d. Paracoccidioidomycosis

A spherule stage is seen in humans infected with what organism?

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

b. Coccidioides immitis

c. Histoplasma capsulatum

d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Of the following fungal diseases, which is found in almost all terminal AIDS patients?

a. Chromoblastomycosis

b. Blastomycosis

c. Candidiasis

d. Mycetoma

The number of mycoses and cases of microsporidiosis worldwide are rising, in part because ______.

a. the number of fungi in the environment is rising

b. the number of immunocompromised individuals in the population is rising

c. fungi have become more pathogenic

d. fungi are developing a new tendency to spread between people

Fungal allergens generally stimulate what type of reaction?

a. Type I hypersensitivity

b. Type II hypersensitivity

c. Type III hypersensitivity

d. Type IV hypersensitivity

A pathogenic feature of Cryptococcus neoformans is _________.

a. production of destructive enzymes

b. production of a capsule

c. infection of immune cells

d. variation of surface antigens to avoid immune system recognition

The most common manifestation of Cryptococcus infection in AIDS patients is ________.

a. blindness

b. cutaneous infection

c. meningitis

d. pneumonia

Bread mold can cause which disease?

a. Aspergillosis

b. Dermatophytosis

c. Mycetoma

d. Zygomycosis

Mycetismus is caused by _______.

a. inhalation of fungal allergens

b. ingestion of mushrooms

c. traumatic inoculation of fungi beneath the skin

d. close contact with infected individuals

Color each map below to show the general area where each disease is endemic.

Label the three stages of the Plasmodium life cycle, and label the forms of the parasite where indicated.

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A.. ________ B. ________ C. ________ a. ________ b. ________ c. ________

d. ________ e. ________

Identify the genera of the parasites in these clinical specimens.

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fecal anal

a. ________ b. _________

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blood fecal

c. _________ d. _________

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vaginal blood

e. _________ f. __________

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fecal fecal

g. ___________ h. ___________

Name the disease shown in each photo.

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b. <IMAGE>

c. <IMAGE>

d. <IMAGE>

e. <IMAGE>

f. <IMAGE>

Label the flu epidemics. How can you best explain the biennial fluctuation in the number of cases? How can you explain the epidemics?

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The five more common agents of opportunistic fungal infections are  _____  , _____ , _____  , _____ , and _____ (genus names).