18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions

The projections on the surface of animal viruses primarily allow the virus to —

In animal virology, the host range (tropism) of a virus is primarily determined by which factor?

Which of the following is a key difference between the multiplication cycle of animal viruses and bacteriophages?

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during which stage of the viral replication cycle?

Why must animal viruses enter host cells to replicate?

What is the first step of a virus's life cycle when infecting an animal cell?

Which process typically occurs when animal viruses enter host cells?

Which of the following is a method used by animal viruses to gain entry into host cells?

Animal viruses are divided into a number of families whose names typically end in which suffix?

Which bloodborne pathogen is known for progressively destroying the host's immune system by targeting CD4+ T helper cells?

Which of the following correctly lists the major steps in HIV retroviral replication in order?

Which term best describes the process by which newly formed animal viruses cause the rupture of the host cell, allowing the viruses to infect new host cells?

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on which type of human cells?

The viral process of attaching to a host cell receptor prior to infecting the cell is called:

During which stage of the animal virus replication cycle does the virus insert its genetic material into the host cell?