21. Principles of Disease

Historical journals have described gummas on patients. What disease most likely caused

these lesions?

a. ornithosis

b. syphilis

c. trachoma

d. pneumonia

Match the pathogen with the listed disease(s) it causes.

___ Chlamydophila psittaci

___ Chlamydophila pneumoniae

___ Chlamydia trachomatis

___ Treponema pallidum pallidum

___ Treponema pallidum pertenue

___ Treponema pallidum endemicum

___ Treponema carateum

___ Borrelia burgdorferi

A. Syphilis

B. Trachoma

C. Sinusitis

D. Lymphogranuloma venereum

E. Proctitis

F. Pelvic inflammatory disease

G. Ornithosis

H. Yaws

I. Bejel

J. Pinta

K. Lyme disease

Match the following diseases with the causative pathogen(s).

___ Peptic ulcers

___ Gastroenteritis (various forms)

___ Blood poisoning

___ Cholera

A. Vibrio cholerae

B. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

C. Vibrio vulnificus

D. Campylobacter jejuni

E. Helicobacter pylori

A fungus that can infect both healthy and immunocompromised patients is called

a(n)

a. true pathogen

b. opportunistic pathogen

c. commensal organism

d. symbiotic organism

Of the following fungi, which is usually transmitted from person to person?

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

b. Coccidioides immitis

c. Tricophyton rubrum

d. Aspergillus fumigatus

Which of the following is not used to identify true fungal pathogens?

a. Growth at 25°C and 37°C to show dimorphism

b. GMS staining of infected tissues

c. Serological testing

d. Clinical symptoms alone

Because amphotericin B is toxic to humans, most clinicians prescribe it only for

a. dermatophyte infections

b. Malassezia infections

c. systemic infections

d. mushroom poisoning

Ringworm is caused by a____

a. helminth

b. dermatophyte

c. dimorphic fungus

d. commensal fungus

Which of the following is considered a classical opportunistic fungus?

a. Blastomyces

b. Histoplasma

c. Fonsecaea

d. Aspergillus

Which of the following systemic mycoses is endemic to the deserts of the southwestern

United States?

a. Blastomycosis

b. Coccidioidomycosis

c. Histoplasmosis

d. Paracoccidioidomycosis

A spherule stage is seen in humans infected with what organism?

a. Blastomyces dermatitidis

b. Coccidioides immitis

c. Histoplasma capsulatum

d. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Of the following fungal diseases, which is found in almost all terminal AIDS patients?

a. Chromoblastomycosis

b. Blastomycosis

c. Candidiasis

d. Mycetoma

The number of mycoses and cases of microsporidiosis worldwide are rising, in part because ______.

a. the number of fungi in the environment is rising

b. the number of immunocompromised individuals in the population is rising

c. fungi have become more pathogenic

d. fungi are developing a new tendency to spread between people

Fungal allergens generally stimulate what type of reaction?

a. Type I hypersensitivity

b. Type II hypersensitivity

c. Type III hypersensitivity

d. Type IV hypersensitivity

A pathogenic feature of Cryptococcus neoformans is _________.

a. production of destructive enzymes

b. production of a capsule

c. infection of immune cells

d. variation of surface antigens to avoid immune system recognition