21. Principles of Disease

A disease in which a pathogen remains inactive for a long period of time before becoming active is termed a(n) __________ .

a. subacute disease

b. acute disease

c. chronic disease

d. latent disease

Which of the following statements is the best definition of a pandemic disease?

a. It normally occurs in a given geographic area.

b, It is a disease that occurs more frequently than usual for a geographical area or group of people.

c. It occurs infrequently at no predictable time scattered over a large area or population.

d. It is an epidemic that occurs on more than one continent at the same time.

Which of the following types of epidemiologists is most like a detective?

a. descriptive epidemiologist

b. analytical epidemiologist

c. experimental epidemiologist

d. reservoir epidemiologist

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector?

a. animal

b. virus

c. mosquito

d. person

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease?

a. a disease arising from fomites

b. a disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols

c. a disease that arises from opportunistic members of the resident microbiome

d. both a and b

A microbe that causes disease is called a __________ .

Contrast the terms infection and morbidity.

A bacterium associated with bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns is

a. Staphylococcus aureus

b. Staphylococcus epidermidis

c. Streptococcus pyogenes

d. Streptococcus agalactiae

Which type of anthrax is more common in animals and in humans?

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. Inhalation anthrax

c. Gastrointestinal anthrax

d. Mucoid anthrax

In which of the following diseases would a patient experience a pseudomembrane covering the tonsils, pharynx, and larynx?

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Diphtheria

c. Arrhythmia

d. Tetanus

Contrast tuberculoid leprosy with lepromatous leprosy in terms of pathogenesis. How does the cellular immune response of a patient affect the form of the disease?

Explain how mice are used in the diagnosis of botulism poisoning.

Why do pediatricians recommend that children under one year never be fed honey?

Which of the following bacteria might be responsible for the formation of petechiae in a host?

a. Neisseria meningitidis

b. Escherichia coli O157:H7

c. Klebsiella

d. Proteus mirabilis

Two weeks after a backpacking trip in Tennessee, a hiker experienced flulike symptoms

and noticed a red rash on his thigh. What is the likely cause of his illness?

a. Treponema pallidum pertenue

b. Borrelia burgdorferi

c. Borrelia recurrentis

d. Leptospira interrogans