21. Principles of Disease

Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease or infection?

Diseases or infections that can be transmitted from one individuals to another are categorized as what types of diseases?

Which of the following illnesses is an example of a noncommunicable disease?

Determine if the diseases below are communicable or noncommunicable diseases.

A. Communicable Disease. B.  Noncommunicable Disease.
_____ 1) Lung Cancer.            _____ 3) HIV.                         _____  5) Diabetes.
_____ 2) Measles.                   _____ 4) Stroke.                    _____ 6) Covid-19.

Pathogens that are very virulent are more likely to cause disease than pathogens that are less virulent (Virulence:the ability of a pathogen to cause and infection/disease). The infectious dose for Virus X is must lower than the infectious dose of Virus Y. Which virus is more virulent?

Opportunistic pathogens are least likely to infect which of the following groups of people?

Characteristics of a pathogen that promote pathogenicity are called:

Virulent pathogens are:

Which of the following pathogen characteristics may be considered virulence factor(s)?

An encapsulated bacterium can be a virulent pathogen because the capsule:

Which of the following is a true statement?

Differentiate the terms in each of the following pairs:

a. Etiology and pathogenesis

b. Infection and disease

c. Communicable disease and noncommunicable disease

Among hospital patients who have infections, one-third did not enter the hospital with the infection but rather acquired it in the hospital. How do they acquire these infections? What is the method of transmission of these infections? What is the reservoir of infection?

The emergence of new infectious diseases is probably due to all of the following except:

a. The need of bacteria to cause disease

b. The ability of humans to travel by air

c. Changing environments (e.g., flood, drought, pollution)

d. A pathogen crossing the species barrier

e. The increasing human population

All members of a group of ornithologists studying barn owls in the wild have had

salmonellosis (Salmonella gastroenteritis). One birder is experiencing her third infection. What is the most likely source of their infections?

a. The ornithologists are eating the same food.

b. They are contaminating their hands while handling the owls and nests.

c. One of the workers is a Salmonella carrier.

d. Their drinking water is contaminated.