21. Principles of Disease

A reverse transcriptase antiviral medication is administered for human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)–infected patients.

a. True

b. False

Why is endocarditis not transmissible from person to person?

Identify the zoonotic disease:

a. HTLV lymphoma

b. Systemic candidiasis

c. Mucormycosis

d. Plague

e. Endocarditis

How does Rickettsia rickettsii damage blood vessels? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. It blocks blood vessels and causes vessel inflammation.

b. It releases a toxin that destroys blood vessels.

c. It causes sepsis and septic shock, which damages blood vessels.

d. It avoids antibodies by binding to blood vessel surfaces.

e. It infects the epithelial cells of the vessels.

How does draining standing water reduce the incidence of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya?

Which Plasmodium life stage infects the liver?

a. Sporozoite

b. Merozoite

c. Gametocyte

d. Sexual stage

e. Vector stage

Which of the following predisposing factors would leave a patient with the greatest long-term risk of acquiring a fungal infection?

a. Invasive medical procedures

b. AIDS

c. Chronic illness such as diabetes

d. Short-term treatment with antibacterial agents

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Fungi are generally not transmitted from person to person.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ On the whole, fungal infections are relatively easy to treat.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Dermatophytoses are always contracted from the environment.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis are both caused by dark-pigmented ascomycetes.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Sporotrichosis is often caused by introduction of fungi beneath the skin by a thorn prick.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Coccidioidomycosis does not occur normally outside the Western Hemisphere.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Almost everyone has allergies to fungal elements.

Dimorphic fungi exist as _____ forms in the environment and as _____ forms in their hosts.