18. Viruses, Viroids, & Prions

You have been given a large grant to do postgraduate research on live smallpox viruses. Where in the world would you find samples?

What do viruses in the families Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Retroviridae have in common?

a. They are arboviruses.

b. They are nonpathogenic.

c. They have positive single-stranded RNA genomes.

d. They have negative single-stranded RNA genomes.

The smallest animal viruses are in the family ___________.

a. Caliciviridae

b. Astroviridae

c. Togaviridae

d. Picornaviridae

Which of the following viruses cause most colds?

a. Rhinoviruses

b. Parainfluenza viruses

c. Pneumoviruses

d. Bunyaviruses

Arboviruses are ___________.

a. zoonotic pathogens

b. deactivated viruses used in vaccines

c. viruses that are transmitted to humans via the bite of an arthropod

d. found in arbors

Negri bodies are associated with which of the following?

a. Marburg virus

b. Hantavirus

c. Coltivirus

d. Rabies virus

Reoviruses, such as rotaviruses and coltiviruses, are unique in ___________.

a. Being naked

b. Having double-stranded RNA

c. Being both arboviruses and zoonotic

d. Having protein spikes

Translate the following identification label on a vial of influenzavirus: B/Kuwait (H1N3).

Polio and smallpox have been eliminated as natural threats to human health in the United States. (Some risk from bioterrorism remains.) You have considered the features of these diseases that allowed them to be eliminated. From your studies of other viruses, what other viral diseases are candidates for elimination? Why hasn’t AIDS been eliminated?

Several laboratory tests are used to identify viruses. From your study of this chapter alone, which tests would you surmise are the most common?

Compare influenzavirus A 2009 (H1N1) to the 1918–1919 pandemic influenzavirus.

Describe the four morphological classes of viruses, then diagram and give an example of each.