20. Adaptive Immunity

Match the following serological tests in column A to the descriptions in column B.

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Match each of the following tests in column A to its positive reaction in column B.

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The examples in questions 1 and 2 are

a. direct tests.

b. indirect tests.

Use the following choices to answer questions 4 and 5:

a. anti-Brucella

b. Brucella

c. substrate for the enzyme

Which is the third step in a direct ELISA test?

NAME IT A purified protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is injected into a person’s skin. A hardened, red area develops around the injection site within 3 days.

Use the following choices to answer questions 4 and 5:

a. anti-Brucella

b. Brucella

c. substrate for the enzyme

Which item is from the patient in an indirect ELISA test?

In an immunodiffusion test, a strip of filter paper containing diphtheria antitoxin is placed on a solid culture medium. Then bacteria are streaked perpendicular to the filter paper. If the bacteria are toxigenic,

a. the filter paper will turn red.

b. a line of antigen–antibody precipitate will form.

c. the cells will lyse.

d. the cells will fluoresce.

e. none of the above

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. hemolysis

b. hemagglutination

c. hemagglutination inhibition

d. no hemolysis

e. precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, influenza virus, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza?

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. hemolysis

b. hemagglutination

c. hemagglutination inhibition

d. no hemolysis

e. precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, Chlamydia, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against Chlamydia?

Discuss the roles of antibodies and antigens in an incompatible tissue transplant.

Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?

a. Opsonization

b. Activating complement proteins

c. Activating T helper cells

d. Enhancing phagocytosis

e. Antigen neutralization

A patient has developed a type III reaction to a drug. Which of the following is the most immediate action required? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Lower the patient’s fever.

b. Stop administration of the drug.

c. Treat the patient’s skin rash to avoid possible infections.

d. Hook the patient up to an IV for rehydration therapy.

e. Administer antihistamines to limit the response

Which of the following is the most likely to lead to graft-versushost disease? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. An allogeneic bone marrow transplant

b. An allogeneic liver transplant

c. A xenogeneic heart valve transplant

d. An isogenic bone marrow transplant

e. A xenogeneic skin graft

Indicate the true statements, and then reword the false statements so they are true.

a. Immunodeficiencies are associated with a decreased cancer risk.

b. Type I reactions are mediated by IgG antibodies.

c. Autoimmune disorders are not caused by type I hypersensitivities.

d. Systemic lupus is mainly mediated by a type III hypersensitivity.

e. A person with type 0- blood is called a universal donor.

f. Immunotherapies are useful to reduce type II reactions.

How does an antibody neutralize a virus?

a. By preventing the virus from binding to a receptor protein on a host cell

b. By preventing the virus from injecting its nucleic acid into its host cell

c. By degrading the capsid

d. By inserting holes into the viral envelope

e. By preventing the virus from replicating while inside the host