21. Principles of Disease

Match the following terms to their definition. Some terms may be matched to more than one definition and some definitions may not be used.

<IMAGE>

A patient in the United States presents with symptoms of fever, chills, nausea, and a rash. Which of the following questions would provide a clue as to whether dengue fever, chikungungya, or Zika should be included in the differential diagnosis?

a. Have you recently traveled anywhere?

b. Has your sexual partner exhibited these symptoms recently?

c. Do you live near woods?

d. Have you been hiking lately?

e. Do you use intravenous drugs?

A tourniquet test can be used to identify which disease?

a. Dengue fever

b. Zika

c. HTLV

d. Lyme disease

e. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Name two similarities between Ebola and Marburg infections.

How is Lassa different from Ebola and Marburg, aside from being caused by a different virus?

Which of the following microbes is most commonly associated with sepsis in immune-compromised individuals?

a. Borrelia burgdorferi

b. Human immunodeficiency virus

c. Zika virus

d. Candida albicans

e. Epstein-Barr virus

What virus is responsible for mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma?

a. Dengue virus

b. Yellow fever virus

c. Human immunodeficiency virus

d. Plasmodium falciparum

e. Epstein-Barr virus

What effect would AIDS have on latent coinfections?

a. None at all

b. Latent infections may become reactivated

c. Latent infections would turn into asymptomatic infections

d. Opportunistic pathogens could easily be reactivated

e. Latent infections would turn into opportunistic infections

A reverse transcriptase antiviral medication is administered for human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)–infected patients.

a. True

b. False

Why is endocarditis not transmissible from person to person?

Identify the zoonotic disease:

a. HTLV lymphoma

b. Systemic candidiasis

c. Mucormycosis

d. Plague

e. Endocarditis

How does Rickettsia rickettsii damage blood vessels?

a. It blocks blood vessels and causes vessel inflammation.

b. It releases a toxin that destroys blood vessels.

c. It causes sepsis and septic shock, which damages blood vessels.

d. It avoids antibodies by binding to blood vessel surfaces.

e. It infects the epithelial cells of the vessels.

How does draining standing water reduce the incidence of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya?

Which Plasmodium life stage infects the liver?

a. Sporozoite

b. Merozoite

c. Gametocyte

d. Sexual stage

e. Vector stage

Which of the following predisposing factors would leave a patient with the greatest long-term risk of acquiring a fungal infection?

a. Invasive medical procedures

b. AIDS

c. Chronic illness such as diabetes

d. Short-term treatment with antibacterial agents